PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PSY 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Who is Sigmund Freud? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
The founder of psychoanalysis, and created psychoanalytic theory

Question:
2. Who is Lawrence Kohlberg? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
He was a psychologist who added onto Piaget's cognitive development theory, adding the different stages
of moral reasoning

Question:
3. Who is Cicely Saunders? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
created the first modern hospice in England to help provide a death with dignity and pain management in a
humane and comfortable environment, which is usually outside of a hospital setting.

Question:
4. Who is William James? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
one of the two founders of psychology as a science and academic discipline that was distinct from
philosophy. His perspective was known as functionalism

Question:
5. Who is Abraham Maslow? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
best known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Question:
6. Who is Erik Erikson? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
proposed the psychosocial theory of development.

Question:
7. Who is Walter Dill Scott? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?
Answer:
one of the first psychologists to apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection.
Published two books: The Theory of Advertising and Psychology of Advertising. They are the first books
to describe the use of psychology in the business world.

Question:
8. Who is Albert Bandura? What did they contribute to the field of psychology?

, Answer:
proposed a brand of behaviorism called social learning theory, which took cognitive processes into
account. Pure behaviorism could not explain why learning can take place in the absence of external
reinforcement.

Question:
9. Define: Cognitive psychology
Answer:
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Question:
10. Define: Artificial concept
Answer:
concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics

Question:
11. Define: Event schema
Answer:
set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script

Question:
12. Define: Cognitive script
Answer:
set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema

Question:
13. Define: Anchoring bias
Answer:
faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution

Question:
14. Define: Confirmation bias
Answer:
tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs

Question:
15. Define: Representative bias
Answer:
faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment

Question:
16. Define: Egocentric bias
Answer:
the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective or to have a higher opinion of oneself than
reality.