MICROBIOLOGY 2420 - EXAM 1 REVIEW UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Define "microorganism."
Answer:
Microorganisms are small organisms that are so small you have to use a microscope to see them, or are
non-visible to the naked eye.
Question:
2. What are the major groups of microorganism?
Answer:
The major groups include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), and algae.
Question:
3. Define "pathogen."
Answer:
A microorganism which causes disease in humans and other animals. (e.g. bacteria, viruses)
Question:
4. List the diseases that are the most prevalent worldwide. Which diseases are least prevalent?
Answer:
1. Respiratory infections
2. AIDS
3. Diarrheal diseases (cholera, dysentery, typhoid)
4. Tuberculosis
5. Malaria
6. Measles
7. Hepatitis B
8. Tetanus
9. Parasitic diseases (malaria, trypanosomiasis)
The least common diseases begin from tuberculosis and down.
Question:
5. List the diseases that are the most prevalent for Tarrant County in
2017.
, Answer:
1. Chlamydia - 8,515
2. Gonorrhea - 2,176
3. Salmonellosis - 340
4. Early Syphilis - 301
5. Varicella (chicken pox/shingles) - 203
6. Campylobacter (food related) - 204
7. HIV - 189
8. West Nile Virus - 179
9. Pertussis (whooping cough) - 162
10. Strep. pneumonia - 153
Question:
6. Who was Hippocrates and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered tp be the "father of Western Medicine." Hippocrates proposed that diseases had natural
causes from within patients or their environments and dismissed the idea that diseases were caused by
supernatural forces.
Question:
7. Who was Shennong and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered to be the "father of Chinese Herbal Medicine." Shennong is said to have identified and
tested hundreds of herbs. He personally tasted them to ascertain their medicinal value and effects on the
human body and help relieve people of their afflictions and sufferings.
Question:
8. Who was Holmes and what did he do?
Answer:
Holmes was a physician who observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who
have birth in hospitals, due to the uncleanliness of doctors and the hospitals.
Question:
9. Who was Van Leeuwenhoek and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered to be the "father of microbiology." Van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the
early 1600s, making him the first microbiologist to discover blood cells and bacteria.
Question:
10. Who was Semmelweis and what did he do?
Answer:
Semmelweis was a physician who correlated infections with other physicians coming directly from the
autopsy room to the maternity ward. Like Holmes, he also discovered that incidence of perpetual fever was
a cause of the improper hand disinfection from obstetrical clinics.
Question:
11. Who was Lister and what did he do?
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Define "microorganism."
Answer:
Microorganisms are small organisms that are so small you have to use a microscope to see them, or are
non-visible to the naked eye.
Question:
2. What are the major groups of microorganism?
Answer:
The major groups include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), and algae.
Question:
3. Define "pathogen."
Answer:
A microorganism which causes disease in humans and other animals. (e.g. bacteria, viruses)
Question:
4. List the diseases that are the most prevalent worldwide. Which diseases are least prevalent?
Answer:
1. Respiratory infections
2. AIDS
3. Diarrheal diseases (cholera, dysentery, typhoid)
4. Tuberculosis
5. Malaria
6. Measles
7. Hepatitis B
8. Tetanus
9. Parasitic diseases (malaria, trypanosomiasis)
The least common diseases begin from tuberculosis and down.
Question:
5. List the diseases that are the most prevalent for Tarrant County in
2017.
, Answer:
1. Chlamydia - 8,515
2. Gonorrhea - 2,176
3. Salmonellosis - 340
4. Early Syphilis - 301
5. Varicella (chicken pox/shingles) - 203
6. Campylobacter (food related) - 204
7. HIV - 189
8. West Nile Virus - 179
9. Pertussis (whooping cough) - 162
10. Strep. pneumonia - 153
Question:
6. Who was Hippocrates and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered tp be the "father of Western Medicine." Hippocrates proposed that diseases had natural
causes from within patients or their environments and dismissed the idea that diseases were caused by
supernatural forces.
Question:
7. Who was Shennong and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered to be the "father of Chinese Herbal Medicine." Shennong is said to have identified and
tested hundreds of herbs. He personally tasted them to ascertain their medicinal value and effects on the
human body and help relieve people of their afflictions and sufferings.
Question:
8. Who was Holmes and what did he do?
Answer:
Holmes was a physician who observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who
have birth in hospitals, due to the uncleanliness of doctors and the hospitals.
Question:
9. Who was Van Leeuwenhoek and what did he do?
Answer:
He is considered to be the "father of microbiology." Van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the
early 1600s, making him the first microbiologist to discover blood cells and bacteria.
Question:
10. Who was Semmelweis and what did he do?
Answer:
Semmelweis was a physician who correlated infections with other physicians coming directly from the
autopsy room to the maternity ward. Like Holmes, he also discovered that incidence of perpetual fever was
a cause of the improper hand disinfection from obstetrical clinics.
Question:
11. Who was Lister and what did he do?
