Chemistry Definitions
*Note all highlighted information is extra important information,
but is not the definition for the term.
*Note some terms have more than one definition. You can choose
which one to learn.
*If a term has a second definition it is maybe because one is
simpler or it contains 2 different definitions which you can
choose which to learn.
*Each section contains a heading.
*Anything in Italics is added on, info for understanding.
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
, ● Chemical Bonding,Solutions and the Atom
Hunds Rule:
Electrons will fill up orbitals individually before they pair
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle:
Max of 2 electrons occupying each orbital and they have opposite
spin (as they repel each other)
Molar Mass:
The mass in grams of one mole of that substance
Solute:
The substance that is dissolved in the solution
Solution:
A homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
Solvent:
The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a
solution
Concentration:
The amount of solute per unit volume in a solution
Standard Solution:
A solution of known concentration
Intermolecular Bonding:
A bond which occurs between atoms within molecules
Covalent Bonding:
The sharing of one pair of electrons by two pairs of non- metal
atoms
Or
Involves the sharing of electrons between the atoms of non-metals
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
, Non- polar Covalent (Pure Covalent):
An equal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent:
An unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming
Electronegativity:
The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of
electrons
Ionic Bond:
Transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
Ionic Bonding:
Ions of metals and non-metals
Or
Involves the transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic
attraction between the ions
Metallic Bond:
Between a Cation (positive kernels) and a sea of delocalized
electrons
Intermolecular Forces:
A weak force of attraction between molecules, ions or atoms
What is the polarity?
Molecule is non-polar but the individual bonds are polar
A Precipitate:
Formed when undissolved solute is present in the solvent
Valence electrons:
Are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Valency:
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
*Note all highlighted information is extra important information,
but is not the definition for the term.
*Note some terms have more than one definition. You can choose
which one to learn.
*If a term has a second definition it is maybe because one is
simpler or it contains 2 different definitions which you can
choose which to learn.
*Each section contains a heading.
*Anything in Italics is added on, info for understanding.
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
, ● Chemical Bonding,Solutions and the Atom
Hunds Rule:
Electrons will fill up orbitals individually before they pair
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle:
Max of 2 electrons occupying each orbital and they have opposite
spin (as they repel each other)
Molar Mass:
The mass in grams of one mole of that substance
Solute:
The substance that is dissolved in the solution
Solution:
A homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
Solvent:
The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a
solution
Concentration:
The amount of solute per unit volume in a solution
Standard Solution:
A solution of known concentration
Intermolecular Bonding:
A bond which occurs between atoms within molecules
Covalent Bonding:
The sharing of one pair of electrons by two pairs of non- metal
atoms
Or
Involves the sharing of electrons between the atoms of non-metals
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
, Non- polar Covalent (Pure Covalent):
An equal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent:
An unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming
Electronegativity:
The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of
electrons
Ionic Bond:
Transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
Ionic Bonding:
Ions of metals and non-metals
Or
Involves the transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic
attraction between the ions
Metallic Bond:
Between a Cation (positive kernels) and a sea of delocalized
electrons
Intermolecular Forces:
A weak force of attraction between molecules, ions or atoms
What is the polarity?
Molecule is non-polar but the individual bonds are polar
A Precipitate:
Formed when undissolved solute is present in the solvent
Valence electrons:
Are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Valency:
Raphaela De Ascensão Study Notes
