HESI Exam 2: Pathophysiology
Alterations – High-Yield Practice
Questions, Comprehensive Review &
Detailed Rationales
which piece of equipment would be used to Urine test kit
best monitor a person with complicated
hypertension for early signs of impending
renal dysfunction?
Which cardiomyopathy would be seen in a Dilated cardiomyopathy
person who abuses alcohol? typically occurs from alcohol abuse.
which clinical manifestation would be pain and edema in the affected leg
observed upon assessment of a person with
dvt in the lower leg
which type of hepatitis would the nurse B, C, & D
include when teaching about hepatitis that E is spread by fecal contamination
can be acquired sexually and cause chronic G is blood-borne and is not a sig cause of liver disease
hepatitis?
, Which term describes the presence of a Supersaturation
higher concentration of a salt within a fluid
than the volume is able to dissolve to
maintain equilibrium
Which term is an infection of the renal Pyelonephritis
pelvis, ureter, and interstitium?
Which pathophysiologic change will be Increased plasma volume
expected in a person with left ventricular As cardiac output falls, renal perfusion diminishes with the
failure when the RAAS is activated activation of RAAS which acts to increase plasma volume by
causing sodium and water retention, thus further increasing
afterload and preload. The end result increase myocardial
oxygen demand. RAAS causes vasoconstriction which
increases systemic vascular resistance.
Which term would the nurse use to describe Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
a person's report of awakening at night
gasping for air and having to sit up to relieve
difficult breathing?
Which term would the nurse use to describe atelectasis
the collapse of aperson's previously inflated
area of lung tissue?
Which condition would the nurse suspect in Acute rheumatic fever
a 6-year-old child who had a sore throat most commonly affects 5 to 15 year olds
4 weeks ago and now presents with
polyarthritis and a heart murmur?
Which statement describes how blood flow Resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
is affected with aoritic stenosis?
The nurse will use which term to document a Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
person's report of waking at night gasping
for air?
Which term describes a reflex that helps cough
clear the airways by an explosive
expiration?
Which statement by a person with My shirt collars have become tight
bronchogenic cancer indicates that they
may be experiencing superior vena Affected people complain of a feeling of fullness in the
cava syndrome? head or tightness of shirt collars, necklaces, and rings. The skin
may become purple.
Which measurement would alert the nurse 10 mmHg
that a person has developed portal Portal hypertension is an increase to at least 10 mmHg. Portal
hypertension? hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in the portal
venous system. Pressure in this system is normally 2 to 5
mmHg
Alterations – High-Yield Practice
Questions, Comprehensive Review &
Detailed Rationales
which piece of equipment would be used to Urine test kit
best monitor a person with complicated
hypertension for early signs of impending
renal dysfunction?
Which cardiomyopathy would be seen in a Dilated cardiomyopathy
person who abuses alcohol? typically occurs from alcohol abuse.
which clinical manifestation would be pain and edema in the affected leg
observed upon assessment of a person with
dvt in the lower leg
which type of hepatitis would the nurse B, C, & D
include when teaching about hepatitis that E is spread by fecal contamination
can be acquired sexually and cause chronic G is blood-borne and is not a sig cause of liver disease
hepatitis?
, Which term describes the presence of a Supersaturation
higher concentration of a salt within a fluid
than the volume is able to dissolve to
maintain equilibrium
Which term is an infection of the renal Pyelonephritis
pelvis, ureter, and interstitium?
Which pathophysiologic change will be Increased plasma volume
expected in a person with left ventricular As cardiac output falls, renal perfusion diminishes with the
failure when the RAAS is activated activation of RAAS which acts to increase plasma volume by
causing sodium and water retention, thus further increasing
afterload and preload. The end result increase myocardial
oxygen demand. RAAS causes vasoconstriction which
increases systemic vascular resistance.
Which term would the nurse use to describe Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
a person's report of awakening at night
gasping for air and having to sit up to relieve
difficult breathing?
Which term would the nurse use to describe atelectasis
the collapse of aperson's previously inflated
area of lung tissue?
Which condition would the nurse suspect in Acute rheumatic fever
a 6-year-old child who had a sore throat most commonly affects 5 to 15 year olds
4 weeks ago and now presents with
polyarthritis and a heart murmur?
Which statement describes how blood flow Resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
is affected with aoritic stenosis?
The nurse will use which term to document a Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
person's report of waking at night gasping
for air?
Which term describes a reflex that helps cough
clear the airways by an explosive
expiration?
Which statement by a person with My shirt collars have become tight
bronchogenic cancer indicates that they
may be experiencing superior vena Affected people complain of a feeling of fullness in the
cava syndrome? head or tightness of shirt collars, necklaces, and rings. The skin
may become purple.
Which measurement would alert the nurse 10 mmHg
that a person has developed portal Portal hypertension is an increase to at least 10 mmHg. Portal
hypertension? hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in the portal
venous system. Pressure in this system is normally 2 to 5
mmHg
