NR565 WEEK 8 FINAL ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ inflammatory response.
Answer: -inflammation
• redness
• swelling
• heat
• pain
⩥ chemokines.
Answer: small proteins cells release as a signaling mechanism
-best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of cells, most
notably white blood cells (leukocytes).
⩥ mast cells.
Answer: -release histamine
• goes to endothelial cells that line capillaries, makes capillaries larger
(vasodilation), causing swelling, capillary walls become more porous
(things get through more easily)
,⩥ first responders.
Answer: phagocytes
neutrophils
⩥ diapedesis.
Answer: the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the
capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.
⩥ extravasation.
Answer: escape of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissue
⩥ pain is influenced by:.
Answer: gender, genetics, social, cultural, and personal factors
⩥ Acute pain has an occurrence of fewer than __________.
Answer: three months
-often precipitated by trauma & acute medical conditions or tx
⩥ Treatment goals about pain relief: Considerations.
Answer: -reducing the intensity of pain while enhancing physical &
psychological functioning
, -common goal is to resume the activities of daily life
-Complete elimination of pain is often not realistic if the source of pain
continues to exist
• finding the lowest effective dose to achieve tolerable pain levels is
paramount
-Non-pharmacological treatments may also be considered to promote
comfort
⩥ Appropriate selection of medications includes:.
Answer: -Patient factors
• age, ethnicity, gender, the presence of hepatic and/or renal impairment,
genetic polymorphisms, and/or coexisting cardiorespiratory or
cerebrovascular disease
-Drug factors
• drug metabolism, receptor binding strength, potential for drug-drug
interactions, and/or co-administration with other CNS depressants
⩥ commonly used agents for acute pain management.
Answer: -Opioids
-Acetaminophen
-NSAIDs
-Salicylates
-COX-2 Inhibitors
PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ inflammatory response.
Answer: -inflammation
• redness
• swelling
• heat
• pain
⩥ chemokines.
Answer: small proteins cells release as a signaling mechanism
-best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of cells, most
notably white blood cells (leukocytes).
⩥ mast cells.
Answer: -release histamine
• goes to endothelial cells that line capillaries, makes capillaries larger
(vasodilation), causing swelling, capillary walls become more porous
(things get through more easily)
,⩥ first responders.
Answer: phagocytes
neutrophils
⩥ diapedesis.
Answer: the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the
capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.
⩥ extravasation.
Answer: escape of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissue
⩥ pain is influenced by:.
Answer: gender, genetics, social, cultural, and personal factors
⩥ Acute pain has an occurrence of fewer than __________.
Answer: three months
-often precipitated by trauma & acute medical conditions or tx
⩥ Treatment goals about pain relief: Considerations.
Answer: -reducing the intensity of pain while enhancing physical &
psychological functioning
, -common goal is to resume the activities of daily life
-Complete elimination of pain is often not realistic if the source of pain
continues to exist
• finding the lowest effective dose to achieve tolerable pain levels is
paramount
-Non-pharmacological treatments may also be considered to promote
comfort
⩥ Appropriate selection of medications includes:.
Answer: -Patient factors
• age, ethnicity, gender, the presence of hepatic and/or renal impairment,
genetic polymorphisms, and/or coexisting cardiorespiratory or
cerebrovascular disease
-Drug factors
• drug metabolism, receptor binding strength, potential for drug-drug
interactions, and/or co-administration with other CNS depressants
⩥ commonly used agents for acute pain management.
Answer: -Opioids
-Acetaminophen
-NSAIDs
-Salicylates
-COX-2 Inhibitors
