UTMB Patho - Exam 1 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
It can be ongoing, reversible (can recover) or irreversible
What is the process of cell and tissue injury?
(apoptosis or necrosis)
Physical (temp, mech, or elec), radiation (UV), chemicals
What are some common etiologies of cell injury?
(drugs), biological, or from nutritional imbalances
Cells undergoing changes in size, number, or shape in
What is the process of cellular adaptation?
response to a stressor(s)
Cell Death in an organ or tissue that interferes with cell
What is necorosis?
replacement/regeneration
What is an instance where are large mass of tissue under-
Gangrene
goes necrosis?
What is apoptosis? Programmed cell death
What are the two pathways that trigger apoptosis? Extrinsic and intrinsic
How does the extrinsic pathway for apoptosis work? Enzymes are released to trigger apoptosis
How does the intrinsic pathway for apoptosis work? The cell responds to certain scenarios to start the process
The cells decrease in size to become more eflcient (ex.
What occurs during cellular atrophy?
from wearing a cast)
The cells increase in size and tissue mass (ex. putting on
What occurs during cellular hypertrophy?
muscle, or hypertension)
The cells divide so the number of cells increase in an organ
What occurs during cellular hyperplasia?
or tissue (ex. wart growth w/HPV)
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced
What occurs during cellular metaplasia? by another adult cell type to temporarily increase perfor-
mance in that tissue or organ for a specific situation
Chaotic and deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that
What occurs during cellular dysplasia? results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization
(can result in cancer)
, UTMB Patho - Exam 1 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
The reaction of vascularized tissues that are injured that is
What is inflammation? attempting to eliminated the cause of cell injury, removed
the damaged tissue, and promote new tissue growth
Burns, irritants, toxins, infection, radiation, foreign bodies,
What are the common etiologies of inflammation?
and stress
Rubor (redness), swelling, heat, pain, loss or altered func-
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
tion
Why does rubor (redness) occur during inflammation? Occurs due to vasodilation
Why does heat occur during inflammation? Occurs due to vasodilation
Why does swelling occur during inflammation? Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
Why does pain occur during inflammation? Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
Why does loss or altered function occur during inflamma-
Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
tion?
What are the major vascular responses that occur during Increased blood flow followed by increased vascular per-
ACUTE inflammation? meability (cardinal signs)
Changes in the endothelial cells lining the vasculature and
What are the major cellular responses that occur during
movement of phagocytic leukocytes from blood into the
ACUTE inflammation?
area of injury or infection
During the cellular response of ACUTE inflammation what
It is divided into multiple steps
happens with the delivery and activation of the leukocytes?
Histamine, platelet-activating-factor, cytokines and
What are the chemical mediators of inflammation? chemokines, Nitric oxide and oxygen derived free radicals,
and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the physiological ettect of histamine in inflamma- Cause vasodilation, they are the first mediators released to
tion? start inflammation
What is the physiological ettect of the platelet-activat-
Activates neutrophils
ing-factor in inflammation?
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
It can be ongoing, reversible (can recover) or irreversible
What is the process of cell and tissue injury?
(apoptosis or necrosis)
Physical (temp, mech, or elec), radiation (UV), chemicals
What are some common etiologies of cell injury?
(drugs), biological, or from nutritional imbalances
Cells undergoing changes in size, number, or shape in
What is the process of cellular adaptation?
response to a stressor(s)
Cell Death in an organ or tissue that interferes with cell
What is necorosis?
replacement/regeneration
What is an instance where are large mass of tissue under-
Gangrene
goes necrosis?
What is apoptosis? Programmed cell death
What are the two pathways that trigger apoptosis? Extrinsic and intrinsic
How does the extrinsic pathway for apoptosis work? Enzymes are released to trigger apoptosis
How does the intrinsic pathway for apoptosis work? The cell responds to certain scenarios to start the process
The cells decrease in size to become more eflcient (ex.
What occurs during cellular atrophy?
from wearing a cast)
The cells increase in size and tissue mass (ex. putting on
What occurs during cellular hypertrophy?
muscle, or hypertension)
The cells divide so the number of cells increase in an organ
What occurs during cellular hyperplasia?
or tissue (ex. wart growth w/HPV)
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced
What occurs during cellular metaplasia? by another adult cell type to temporarily increase perfor-
mance in that tissue or organ for a specific situation
Chaotic and deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that
What occurs during cellular dysplasia? results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization
(can result in cancer)
, UTMB Patho - Exam 1 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
The reaction of vascularized tissues that are injured that is
What is inflammation? attempting to eliminated the cause of cell injury, removed
the damaged tissue, and promote new tissue growth
Burns, irritants, toxins, infection, radiation, foreign bodies,
What are the common etiologies of inflammation?
and stress
Rubor (redness), swelling, heat, pain, loss or altered func-
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
tion
Why does rubor (redness) occur during inflammation? Occurs due to vasodilation
Why does heat occur during inflammation? Occurs due to vasodilation
Why does swelling occur during inflammation? Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
Why does pain occur during inflammation? Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
Why does loss or altered function occur during inflamma-
Occurs due to the increased accumulation of fluid
tion?
What are the major vascular responses that occur during Increased blood flow followed by increased vascular per-
ACUTE inflammation? meability (cardinal signs)
Changes in the endothelial cells lining the vasculature and
What are the major cellular responses that occur during
movement of phagocytic leukocytes from blood into the
ACUTE inflammation?
area of injury or infection
During the cellular response of ACUTE inflammation what
It is divided into multiple steps
happens with the delivery and activation of the leukocytes?
Histamine, platelet-activating-factor, cytokines and
What are the chemical mediators of inflammation? chemokines, Nitric oxide and oxygen derived free radicals,
and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the physiological ettect of histamine in inflamma- Cause vasodilation, they are the first mediators released to
tion? start inflammation
What is the physiological ettect of the platelet-activat-
Activates neutrophils
ing-factor in inflammation?
