NURS 5315
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Endocytosis - Correct Answer: The process of capturing a substance or
particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane.
The membrane folds over the substance and it becomes completely
enclosed by the membrane.
At this point a membrane-bound sac, or vesicle, pinches off and moves the
substance into the cytosol.
2. There are two main kinds of endocytosis:
(1) Phagocytosis, or cellular eating, occurs when the dissolved materials
enter the cell. The plasma membrane engulfs the solid material,
forming a phagocytic vesicle.
(2) Pinocytosis, or cellular drinking, occurs when the plasma membrane
folds inward to form a channel allowing dissolved substances to enter
the cell
3. Exocytosis - Correct Answer: The process of vesicles fusing with the
plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
Exocytosis occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a
protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin.
Newly made membrane proteins and membrane lipids are moved on top
the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
,4. Mitosis - Correct Answer: A type of cell division in which one cell (the
mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are
genetically identical to itself. In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the
part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split
into two equal sets of chromosomes.
5. *Chapter 5: Genome Structure, Regulation, & Tissue Differentiation * -
Correct Answer:
6. Gene - Correct Answer: Invisible, information-containing elements that
exist in cells and are passed on to daughter cells when cells divide
7. What do genes do? - Correct Answer: Contains approximately 25,000
genes encoded by only four different deoxyribonucleotides
8. What is the primary role of genes? - Correct Answer: Directs synthesis
of a protein
9. *Chapter 6: Genetic and Developmental Disorders* - Correct Answer:
10.Chromosomal Disorders - Correct Answer: Usually due to breakage and
loss or rearrangement of chromosome pieces during meiosis or mitosis
Meiosis
Crossing over errors: chromosome portions lost, attached upside-down, or
attached to wrong chromosome
, Mitosis
Opportunities for chromosomal breakage & rearrangement
Generally due to an abnormal number of chromosomes and/or alterations
to the structure of one or more chromosomes
Usually a result of separation during meiosis
11.Monosomy - Correct Answer: Daughter cell with a deficiency of 1
chromosome
Usually not compatible with life
12.Polysomy - Correct Answer: Daughter cell with too may chromosomes
May result in viable detus
Nearly always associated with severe disability
Those involving extra/missing sex chromosome not as debillitating
13.Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) - Correct Answer: Extra copy of 21st
chromosome that occurs almost 12 times per 10,000 live births
Most common chromosomal disorder
Leading cause of mental retardation
Protruding tongue, low-set ears, epicanthal folds, poor muscle tone, short
stature; congenital heart deformities, increased susceptibility to respiratory
infections, leukemia
Clearly associated with advanced maternal age
14.Cri du Chate Syndrome - Correct Answer: Deletion of short arm of
chromosome 5
Severe mental retardation, round face, congenital heart anomalies
, Cry resembles a cat crying
Some live to adulthood and thrive better than those with trisomies
15.Klinefelter Syndrome - Correct Answer: Most common sex chromosome
abnormality (occurs in 1 out of 1,000 births)
Affects males
Usually 1 extra X chromosome; sometimes more than 1: XXY, XXXY, XXXXY
Abnormal sexual development and feminization
Lack of secondary sex characteristics during puberty
Associated signs include: lack of testosterone, testicular atrophy, infertility,
feminine hair distribution/gynecomastia, tall stature, long arms/legs, high-pitched
voice, and impaired intelligence
These patients are usually on testosterone therapy
Turner Syndrome - Correct Answer: (1:3000 live female births)
Monosomy X: 1 normal X chromosome; no Y chromosome
Female phenotype with no developed ovaries
Second X chromosome missing or structurally abnormal; usually from father's
chromosome
Rarely survive to birth
Associated signs: short stature, webbed neck, wide chest, congenital heart
defects, failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics
Multiple X Females (XXX) - Correct Answer: Relatively common
Menstrual abnormalities; retardation tendency with more than 4 X chromosomes
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Endocytosis - Correct Answer: The process of capturing a substance or
particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane.
The membrane folds over the substance and it becomes completely
enclosed by the membrane.
At this point a membrane-bound sac, or vesicle, pinches off and moves the
substance into the cytosol.
2. There are two main kinds of endocytosis:
(1) Phagocytosis, or cellular eating, occurs when the dissolved materials
enter the cell. The plasma membrane engulfs the solid material,
forming a phagocytic vesicle.
(2) Pinocytosis, or cellular drinking, occurs when the plasma membrane
folds inward to form a channel allowing dissolved substances to enter
the cell
3. Exocytosis - Correct Answer: The process of vesicles fusing with the
plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
Exocytosis occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a
protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin.
Newly made membrane proteins and membrane lipids are moved on top
the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
,4. Mitosis - Correct Answer: A type of cell division in which one cell (the
mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are
genetically identical to itself. In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the
part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split
into two equal sets of chromosomes.
5. *Chapter 5: Genome Structure, Regulation, & Tissue Differentiation * -
Correct Answer:
6. Gene - Correct Answer: Invisible, information-containing elements that
exist in cells and are passed on to daughter cells when cells divide
7. What do genes do? - Correct Answer: Contains approximately 25,000
genes encoded by only four different deoxyribonucleotides
8. What is the primary role of genes? - Correct Answer: Directs synthesis
of a protein
9. *Chapter 6: Genetic and Developmental Disorders* - Correct Answer:
10.Chromosomal Disorders - Correct Answer: Usually due to breakage and
loss or rearrangement of chromosome pieces during meiosis or mitosis
Meiosis
Crossing over errors: chromosome portions lost, attached upside-down, or
attached to wrong chromosome
, Mitosis
Opportunities for chromosomal breakage & rearrangement
Generally due to an abnormal number of chromosomes and/or alterations
to the structure of one or more chromosomes
Usually a result of separation during meiosis
11.Monosomy - Correct Answer: Daughter cell with a deficiency of 1
chromosome
Usually not compatible with life
12.Polysomy - Correct Answer: Daughter cell with too may chromosomes
May result in viable detus
Nearly always associated with severe disability
Those involving extra/missing sex chromosome not as debillitating
13.Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) - Correct Answer: Extra copy of 21st
chromosome that occurs almost 12 times per 10,000 live births
Most common chromosomal disorder
Leading cause of mental retardation
Protruding tongue, low-set ears, epicanthal folds, poor muscle tone, short
stature; congenital heart deformities, increased susceptibility to respiratory
infections, leukemia
Clearly associated with advanced maternal age
14.Cri du Chate Syndrome - Correct Answer: Deletion of short arm of
chromosome 5
Severe mental retardation, round face, congenital heart anomalies
, Cry resembles a cat crying
Some live to adulthood and thrive better than those with trisomies
15.Klinefelter Syndrome - Correct Answer: Most common sex chromosome
abnormality (occurs in 1 out of 1,000 births)
Affects males
Usually 1 extra X chromosome; sometimes more than 1: XXY, XXXY, XXXXY
Abnormal sexual development and feminization
Lack of secondary sex characteristics during puberty
Associated signs include: lack of testosterone, testicular atrophy, infertility,
feminine hair distribution/gynecomastia, tall stature, long arms/legs, high-pitched
voice, and impaired intelligence
These patients are usually on testosterone therapy
Turner Syndrome - Correct Answer: (1:3000 live female births)
Monosomy X: 1 normal X chromosome; no Y chromosome
Female phenotype with no developed ovaries
Second X chromosome missing or structurally abnormal; usually from father's
chromosome
Rarely survive to birth
Associated signs: short stature, webbed neck, wide chest, congenital heart
defects, failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics
Multiple X Females (XXX) - Correct Answer: Relatively common
Menstrual abnormalities; retardation tendency with more than 4 X chromosomes
