Nurs 5315 Pulmonary
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What lung disease is commonly associated with low V/Q ratios (shunting)?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Pulmonary fibrosis - Correct Answer: C) Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia can fill alveoli with fluid or pus, impairing ventilation
and leading to low V/Q ratios and reduced oxygenation.
2. How does pulmonary embolism (PE) affect V/Q matching?
A) Increases perfusion to well-ventilated areas
B) Causes well-ventilated areas to be poorly perfused
C) Improves gas exchange in affected areas
D) Reduces both ventilation and perfusion - Correct Answer: B)
Causes well-ventilated areas to be poorly perfused
Rationale: In PE, blood clots block blood flow to parts of the lung, creating a
high V/Q ratio and impairing gas exchange.
,3. Which pulmonary disease leads to a restrictive pattern due to reduced lung
compliance?
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Emphysema
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Asthma - Correct Answer: C) Pulmonary fibrosis
4. Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung compliance, restricting lung
expansion during inhalation, which is characteristic of restrictive lung
diseases.
5. How does emphysema affect lung function?
A) Decreases lung volumes due to loss of lung tissue
B) Increases lung compliance due to alveolar destruction
C) Causes airway obstruction due to mucus accumulation
D) Reduces alveolar surface area for gas exchange - Correct Answer:
B) Increases lung compliance due to alveolar destruction
Rationale: Emphysema causes the destruction of alveolar walls, which
increases lung compliance but impairs gas exchange due to the loss of
alveolar surface area.
6. What spirometry finding is most commonly associated with obstructive
pulmonary diseases?
A) Increased FEV1/FVC ratio
B) Decreased FEV1 and FVC with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
C) Normal FEV1 and FVC values
D) Increased total lung capacity (TLC) - Correct Answer: B)
Decreased FEV1 and FVC with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
, Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma and COPD, spirometry shows
reduced FEV1 and a low FEV1/FVC ratio, indicating airflow limitation.
7. Which condition is most likely to cause increased airway resistance in
obstructive pulmonary diseases?
A) Alveolar collapse
B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
C) Reduced lung volume
D) Scoliosis - Correct Answer: B) Airway inflammation and mucus
production
Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma, inflammation and mucus
production increase airway resistance, impairing airflow.
8. What is a typical physical exam finding in a patient with emphysema?
A) Increased breath sounds
B) Cyanosis and peripheral edema
C) Barrel chest appearance
D) Wheezing and rhonchi - Correct Answer: C) Barrel chest
appearance
Rationale: Emphysema causes hyperinflation of the lungs, leading to a
characteristic "barrel chest" appearance due to air trapping.
9. What is the primary difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis
in terms of lung pathology?
, A) Emphysema involves airway obstruction, while chronic bronchitis
affects alveoli.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic
bronchitis causes mucus hypersecretion.
C) Both conditions are characterized by increased mucus production.
D) Emphysema causes chronic productive cough, while chronic
bronchitis causes dyspnea. - Correct Answer: B) Emphysema
results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes
mucus hypersecretion.
Rationale: Emphysema destroys alveolar walls, leading to loss of lung tissue,
while chronic bronchitis leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway
obstruction.
10.What is the effect of restrictive lung diseases on spirometry?
A) Normal FEV1/FVC ratio with reduced FEV1 and FVC
B) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio with high total lung capacity
C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
D) Increased TLC and FEV1 - Correct Answer: C) Reduced FEV1 and
FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
Rationale: In restrictive diseases, FVC and FEV1 are reduced, but the
FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal or is increased.
11.What is the most common mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF)?
A) F508del
B) G551D
C) N1303K
D) R117H - Correct Answer: A) F508del
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What lung disease is commonly associated with low V/Q ratios (shunting)?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Pulmonary fibrosis - Correct Answer: C) Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia can fill alveoli with fluid or pus, impairing ventilation
and leading to low V/Q ratios and reduced oxygenation.
2. How does pulmonary embolism (PE) affect V/Q matching?
A) Increases perfusion to well-ventilated areas
B) Causes well-ventilated areas to be poorly perfused
C) Improves gas exchange in affected areas
D) Reduces both ventilation and perfusion - Correct Answer: B)
Causes well-ventilated areas to be poorly perfused
Rationale: In PE, blood clots block blood flow to parts of the lung, creating a
high V/Q ratio and impairing gas exchange.
,3. Which pulmonary disease leads to a restrictive pattern due to reduced lung
compliance?
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Emphysema
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Asthma - Correct Answer: C) Pulmonary fibrosis
4. Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung compliance, restricting lung
expansion during inhalation, which is characteristic of restrictive lung
diseases.
5. How does emphysema affect lung function?
A) Decreases lung volumes due to loss of lung tissue
B) Increases lung compliance due to alveolar destruction
C) Causes airway obstruction due to mucus accumulation
D) Reduces alveolar surface area for gas exchange - Correct Answer:
B) Increases lung compliance due to alveolar destruction
Rationale: Emphysema causes the destruction of alveolar walls, which
increases lung compliance but impairs gas exchange due to the loss of
alveolar surface area.
6. What spirometry finding is most commonly associated with obstructive
pulmonary diseases?
A) Increased FEV1/FVC ratio
B) Decreased FEV1 and FVC with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
C) Normal FEV1 and FVC values
D) Increased total lung capacity (TLC) - Correct Answer: B)
Decreased FEV1 and FVC with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
, Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma and COPD, spirometry shows
reduced FEV1 and a low FEV1/FVC ratio, indicating airflow limitation.
7. Which condition is most likely to cause increased airway resistance in
obstructive pulmonary diseases?
A) Alveolar collapse
B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
C) Reduced lung volume
D) Scoliosis - Correct Answer: B) Airway inflammation and mucus
production
Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma, inflammation and mucus
production increase airway resistance, impairing airflow.
8. What is a typical physical exam finding in a patient with emphysema?
A) Increased breath sounds
B) Cyanosis and peripheral edema
C) Barrel chest appearance
D) Wheezing and rhonchi - Correct Answer: C) Barrel chest
appearance
Rationale: Emphysema causes hyperinflation of the lungs, leading to a
characteristic "barrel chest" appearance due to air trapping.
9. What is the primary difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis
in terms of lung pathology?
, A) Emphysema involves airway obstruction, while chronic bronchitis
affects alveoli.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic
bronchitis causes mucus hypersecretion.
C) Both conditions are characterized by increased mucus production.
D) Emphysema causes chronic productive cough, while chronic
bronchitis causes dyspnea. - Correct Answer: B) Emphysema
results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes
mucus hypersecretion.
Rationale: Emphysema destroys alveolar walls, leading to loss of lung tissue,
while chronic bronchitis leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway
obstruction.
10.What is the effect of restrictive lung diseases on spirometry?
A) Normal FEV1/FVC ratio with reduced FEV1 and FVC
B) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio with high total lung capacity
C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
D) Increased TLC and FEV1 - Correct Answer: C) Reduced FEV1 and
FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
Rationale: In restrictive diseases, FVC and FEV1 are reduced, but the
FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal or is increased.
11.What is the most common mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF)?
A) F508del
B) G551D
C) N1303K
D) R117H - Correct Answer: A) F508del
