CHT BONENT PRACTICE TEST ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔How regional citrate works - ✔✔Lowers blood calcium levels in the extracorporeal
circuit. We can't return pts blood with low calcium so in the venous portion calcium is
added back into the blood
✔✔Air embolism - ✔✔Air bubbles in the blood vessels.
✔✔Sign/symptoms of air embolism are - ✔✔Chest pain, coughing, blue lips finger toes,
trouble seeing, confusion, coma, death
✔✔What to do in an air embolism - ✔✔Immediately clamp all lines, call for help, place pt
in left trendelenburg to trap air in right ventricle of heart
✔✔Causes of air embolism - ✔✔Air detector is broken, leak or loose connection, empty
IV bag
✔✔How to prevent air embolism - ✔✔arm the air detector; tighten all connections in the
extracorporeal circuit; check the normal saline level in the IV bag; return the patient's
blood with saline with the air detector on
✔✔Anaphylaxis - ✔✔Severe allergic reaction
✔✔Sign/symptoms of anaphylaxis - ✔✔Happens within the first 5-10 minutes, trouble
breathing, hypotension, hives and itching, anxious or restlessness, swelling around
eyes, numbness or tingling around mouth, low back pain, tachycardia, cardiac arrest,
and burning pain at venous needle site ) could be from disinfectant infusion)
✔✔What to do when pt is experiencing anaphylaxis - ✔✔Call for help, stop tx, clamp all
lines, do not return blood, monitor vitals
✔✔Causes of anaphylaxis - ✔✔- Ethylene oxide (a new dialyzer germicide) allergy
- Reaction to germicide left in the bloodlines
, - Drug allergy (e.g., to iron dextran, heparin)
✔✔How to prevent anaphylaxis - ✔✔rinse dialyzers and bloodlines well during
equipment preparation; avoid drugs the patients has a known allergy to
✔✔Angina - ✔✔Chest pain
✔✔Signs/symptoms of angina - ✔✔Pain or tightness in chest/ arm/jaw, pt may be cold/
sweating/ trouble breathing, hypotension
✔✔What to do if pt is experiencing angina - ✔✔Lower BFR to 150 to decrease stress on
heart, lower UFR to prevent further fluid loss and stress in heart, monitor vitals, give
saline if hypotensive, call for help.
✔✔Causes of angina - ✔✔- Coronary artery disease (blocked heart arteries)
- Anemia (shortage of red blood cells)
- Hypotension
- Anxiety
✔✔How to prevent Angina - ✔✔- Monitor blood pressure closely to avoid hypotension.
- Calculate the fluid goal correctly.
✔✔Arrhythmias - ✔✔irregular heartbeats
✔✔Sign/symptoms of arrhythmia s - ✔✔Skipped or extra heartbeats, slow or fast pulse,
palpitations, anxiety
✔✔What to do if pt is experiencing arrhythmia - ✔✔Check vitals, manually check pulse,
lower UFR is pt is hypotensive, call for help.
✔✔What causes arrhythmias? - ✔✔Changes is ph or electrolyte levels especially
potassium, hypotension, heart disease
✔✔How to prevent Arrhythmias - ✔✔- Use the right dialysate concentrate.
- Manually check the pt's pulse during tx.
- Monitor blood pressure. And UFR to prevent hypotension
✔✔cardiac arrest - ✔✔complete stopping of heart activity
✔✔Sign/symptoms of cardiac arrest - ✔✔No pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness
✔✔What to do in cardiac arrest - ✔✔Call for help, stop dialysis, flush access sites, start
CPR if pt is not a DNR
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔How regional citrate works - ✔✔Lowers blood calcium levels in the extracorporeal
circuit. We can't return pts blood with low calcium so in the venous portion calcium is
added back into the blood
✔✔Air embolism - ✔✔Air bubbles in the blood vessels.
✔✔Sign/symptoms of air embolism are - ✔✔Chest pain, coughing, blue lips finger toes,
trouble seeing, confusion, coma, death
✔✔What to do in an air embolism - ✔✔Immediately clamp all lines, call for help, place pt
in left trendelenburg to trap air in right ventricle of heart
✔✔Causes of air embolism - ✔✔Air detector is broken, leak or loose connection, empty
IV bag
✔✔How to prevent air embolism - ✔✔arm the air detector; tighten all connections in the
extracorporeal circuit; check the normal saline level in the IV bag; return the patient's
blood with saline with the air detector on
✔✔Anaphylaxis - ✔✔Severe allergic reaction
✔✔Sign/symptoms of anaphylaxis - ✔✔Happens within the first 5-10 minutes, trouble
breathing, hypotension, hives and itching, anxious or restlessness, swelling around
eyes, numbness or tingling around mouth, low back pain, tachycardia, cardiac arrest,
and burning pain at venous needle site ) could be from disinfectant infusion)
✔✔What to do when pt is experiencing anaphylaxis - ✔✔Call for help, stop tx, clamp all
lines, do not return blood, monitor vitals
✔✔Causes of anaphylaxis - ✔✔- Ethylene oxide (a new dialyzer germicide) allergy
- Reaction to germicide left in the bloodlines
, - Drug allergy (e.g., to iron dextran, heparin)
✔✔How to prevent anaphylaxis - ✔✔rinse dialyzers and bloodlines well during
equipment preparation; avoid drugs the patients has a known allergy to
✔✔Angina - ✔✔Chest pain
✔✔Signs/symptoms of angina - ✔✔Pain or tightness in chest/ arm/jaw, pt may be cold/
sweating/ trouble breathing, hypotension
✔✔What to do if pt is experiencing angina - ✔✔Lower BFR to 150 to decrease stress on
heart, lower UFR to prevent further fluid loss and stress in heart, monitor vitals, give
saline if hypotensive, call for help.
✔✔Causes of angina - ✔✔- Coronary artery disease (blocked heart arteries)
- Anemia (shortage of red blood cells)
- Hypotension
- Anxiety
✔✔How to prevent Angina - ✔✔- Monitor blood pressure closely to avoid hypotension.
- Calculate the fluid goal correctly.
✔✔Arrhythmias - ✔✔irregular heartbeats
✔✔Sign/symptoms of arrhythmia s - ✔✔Skipped or extra heartbeats, slow or fast pulse,
palpitations, anxiety
✔✔What to do if pt is experiencing arrhythmia - ✔✔Check vitals, manually check pulse,
lower UFR is pt is hypotensive, call for help.
✔✔What causes arrhythmias? - ✔✔Changes is ph or electrolyte levels especially
potassium, hypotension, heart disease
✔✔How to prevent Arrhythmias - ✔✔- Use the right dialysate concentrate.
- Manually check the pt's pulse during tx.
- Monitor blood pressure. And UFR to prevent hypotension
✔✔cardiac arrest - ✔✔complete stopping of heart activity
✔✔Sign/symptoms of cardiac arrest - ✔✔No pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness
✔✔What to do in cardiac arrest - ✔✔Call for help, stop dialysis, flush access sites, start
CPR if pt is not a DNR
