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Samenvatting Organische chemie: alle te kennen reacties

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In dit document staan alle reacties die gekend moeten zijn voor het examen Organische Chemie voor diergeneeskunde 1e bachelor. Door deze samenvatting heb ik het examen in één keer gehaald!

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REACTIES Door

Organische
: Michèle Brouwer
Chemie 2020 -
2021




11-3 ALKANEN
Chlorering van methaan
methaan
wanneer
chloorgas wordt verhit

en




extra
D. Nevenreacties : Door st ging chloor methaan Propagatie

F)
Ï
. .




:
. . . .
: :
. .
. • : . .
MMM . .




: • • a I a a •




o o O O


methyleenchloride
IN ' '



.
: • • • • •
HDM " •




: : :
. .

o o . "




. . . . . .
dichloormethaan
" • •

M " "


: : : . : . .
Kan ook radicaal
reageren met
methyl radicaal tot
chloor methaan
o o o o o o oo O




extra terminatie
§)
① a a ^ d 0 n u



°
: :
.
. • •
. .


. . . . . . . .




:
: .vn . :
: . .




.AM . • •




Chlorering van ethaan


T.TN .
'



:
• ^ '




:
j A a a





JIM . . . .




Ï ! • • .
:
. . . . . .




Chlorering van propaan
H H H
H Cl H Cl H H
I I I I I I I I I
H -
C -

C -
C -

H t clz → H -
C -


C -
C -

H t H -
C -

C -

C -

H
I I I I I I
I I I
H H H H H H
H H H



berekenen : verloopt makkel ker komt meer voor
minder door
energie meer H

}
kost
2 secundaire H tot : 8
25% 75%
6 Primaire H
57.1% 42,9%
25% 75%
G- =
b =




realiteit :




í zo 3° 2. 4=8 ¥-57 % .
/

Cl 1 4 5 6 .

/ =


# % 42.9% =



Br 1 600 2000


Chlorering van 2-methylpropaan
pag




H H "
1 •
5=5 5- = 36%
H H H H H H
14
9. 1 =L
H H

14 { =
64%

:



?⃝ijij ij

, 11-4
CYCLOALKANEN
Openingsreacties → mogel k door Pitzer
spanning → zwakke C- C
binding

Cyclopropaan

( Hz




Hsc CH
}
CHZ




( Hz
Hzc

( Hz




( Hz CHZ




Cyclobutaan minder vlot dan b cyclopropaan



( Hz
CH }



HÇ ( Hz




+



H
ALKENEN
additie reactie I = Ó + A- B → A- t C1 B
2 nieuwe
1
0 -



bindingen i.p.v 10

binding
: - -
en zwakkeren
,
-




1 1


4 types additiereactie
1 . elektrofiele additie 3 .
radicalaire additie


R % y → × +
y
• • •

✗ . •


✗ → +
y





÷ Y
i I it ÊË
.
'



;
+0 , →
é
- -
-


→ →
g- g- g-
c ,
- -



,
, ,



2. nucleofiele additie 4 Vier of additie
centrum
cydo
- -

.




nu -0
%
• •




ÏÊ
"

y →
y
'
• •
+ ' R R
c- r , /



# ?
,
÷ " R

rs-cd-p.gr
\ 1 '
→ " .



( ⇐ is; -
c-
""
'
n
r
"



je Inc ?
..
* ÷
2 ,


b
-
r,

' "
j
/ R R,

e-
zuigende groep

Additie van waterstof (hydrogenering)
' '
'
c- c- c-
÷
- -

-




hoge
-



in Pd : de
1) ⇐ c
/
→ 1C
\ -0
-
( +0 katalysator ,
deze is nodig om


✓ '
' , activeringsenergie te
overbruggen
C-
g-
-




g- Ç
-
- -


,




'
i. ì
÷
- .


c-
/ Pd
-




1-12
-




\ -0 | |

2) / C- ( +0 → H
-

H -
C -
C -




/ I I I
-
C- C-
( C
-
- _ -
-


1 '
, t




ij
ijijIJ
ijij ij

, Additie van zuren aan alkenen =
elektrofiele additie


-0
1) Het → Ht + U




1
t




III
'
di
' '
2) →
g- c- c
- -
-




I I ④ 1

Pluslading OP meest
gesubstitueerde C- atoom


1
ÉF |
' ' 1

3) -
c- c -
→ -
c- c- c- H
1 +0 1 '
{p
'




Reactie met 42504 (geconcentreerd)

-0 ④
1) Hzsoy →
Hsoy t H




'

& Ê IF
2) c. If c-
- -
→ -
-




I '
I


°



Ì o
° "
t °"

Ê &
" ' ,
3) -
c- -
? + s
_
→ -

c- c- c- +


É
' "
j it
' '
0

is .




H
' ' '
t 0
°"
" -
C -

C -
C -




c- Ê
' ' _
s
i
,
4) - -

c- +
"
→ ,
g
H



' ' 0
'
H
0=5--0
ÒH
Reactie met 42504 (verdund)
↳ hierb zal water
reageren i. P .
v Hz 504

I I I
H2O

É
1 C -

C C -




3)
- -




-

C -
C -
-

I I I


µ H
I I
10+0
/ |
H H


I
At
I I I I I
C C C → C C C +
4)
- - - - -
- -
-




I I I ' t
t,
107
" 0
'
/ 1
H
H H




Dimerisatie van alkenen = 2 alkenen koppelen

↳ kan alleen plaatsvinden als :



alkeen + zure
katalysator (meestal Hzsoy) aanwezig is
• in solvent zonder nucleofiele eigenschappen

'
-

c- -
ì .




IM I I I

g) -
C ÷ C
-
D -
C
-
-
C. ⑦
1 -0 |


ç g-
- - -




ij

ij

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