OPENSTAX PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES EXAM
TEST BANK ACTUAL 2026/2027 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH WELL ELABORATED
SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
CURRENTLY UPDATED VERSION
1. A patient will be receiving nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) treatment for
a urinary tract infection. The nurse is reviewing the patient's history and
will question the nitrofurantoin order if which disorder is present in the
history? (Select all that apply.)
A. Liver disease
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
E. Chronic renal disease
Correct Answer: A, E
Rationale: Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with significant
renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min) because inadequate
renal excretion leads to drug accumulation and increased risk of toxicity.
,It is also contraindicated in patients with liver disease due to the risk of
hepatotoxicity. The drug should be used with caution in patients with
diabetes, but it is not an absolute contraindication. Coronary artery
disease and hyperthyroidism are not contraindications to nitrofurantoin
therapy.
2. A patient who is diagnosed with shingles is taking topical acyclovir,
and the nurse is providing instructions about adverse effects. The nurse
will discuss which adverse effect of topical acyclovir therapy?
A. Insomnia and nervousness
B. Temporary swelling and rash
C. Burning when applied
D. This medication has no adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Topical acyclovir can cause mild, transient burning or
stinging upon application. This is a common local reaction and typically
subsides with continued use. Insomnia, nervousness, and systemic
effects are more commonly associated with oral or intravenous acyclovir
administration, not topical application. All medications have potential
adverse effects; no medication is entirely free of them.
3. A patient who has undergone a lung transplant has contracted
cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. The nurse expects which drug to be
ordered for this patient?
A. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
C. Ribavirin (Virazole)
D. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganciclovir is the drug of choice for treating
cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, particularly in immunocompromised
patients such as transplant recipients. Acyclovir is effective against
herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses but has minimal activity
against CMV. Ribavirin is used for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
and hepatitis C. Amantadine is used for influenza A and Parkinson's
disease.
4. An infant has been hospitalized with a severe lung infection caused by
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and will be receiving medication via
the inhalation route. The nurse expects which drug to be used?
A. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
C. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
D. Ribavirin (Virazole)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ribavirin is the antiviral medication indicated for severe
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in infants and young
children. It is administered via aerosol inhalation. Acyclovir and
ganciclovir are not effective against RSV. Amantadine is used for
influenza A, not RSV.
5.A patient who is HIV-positive has been receiving medication therapy
that includes zidovudine (Retrovir). However, the prescriber has decided
to stop the zidovudine because of its dose-limiting adverse effect. Which
condition is the dose-limiting adverse effect of zidovudine therapy?
, A. Retinitis
B. Renal toxicity
C. Bone marrow suppression
D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer:C
Rationale:
Zidovudine (also known as AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV. Its most significant and
dose-limiting adverse effect is hematologic toxicity, specifically bone
marrow suppression.
Question 5
A nurse is administering a medication that has a high first-pass effect.
Which route of administration would most directly avoid this effect?
A. Oral
B. Enteral feeding tube
C. Sublingual
D. Intravenous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intravenous administration delivers medication directly into
systemic circulation and completely bypasses gastrointestinal absorption
and hepatic first-pass metabolism.
TEST BANK ACTUAL 2026/2027 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH WELL ELABORATED
SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
CURRENTLY UPDATED VERSION
1. A patient will be receiving nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) treatment for
a urinary tract infection. The nurse is reviewing the patient's history and
will question the nitrofurantoin order if which disorder is present in the
history? (Select all that apply.)
A. Liver disease
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
E. Chronic renal disease
Correct Answer: A, E
Rationale: Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with significant
renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min) because inadequate
renal excretion leads to drug accumulation and increased risk of toxicity.
,It is also contraindicated in patients with liver disease due to the risk of
hepatotoxicity. The drug should be used with caution in patients with
diabetes, but it is not an absolute contraindication. Coronary artery
disease and hyperthyroidism are not contraindications to nitrofurantoin
therapy.
2. A patient who is diagnosed with shingles is taking topical acyclovir,
and the nurse is providing instructions about adverse effects. The nurse
will discuss which adverse effect of topical acyclovir therapy?
A. Insomnia and nervousness
B. Temporary swelling and rash
C. Burning when applied
D. This medication has no adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Topical acyclovir can cause mild, transient burning or
stinging upon application. This is a common local reaction and typically
subsides with continued use. Insomnia, nervousness, and systemic
effects are more commonly associated with oral or intravenous acyclovir
administration, not topical application. All medications have potential
adverse effects; no medication is entirely free of them.
3. A patient who has undergone a lung transplant has contracted
cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. The nurse expects which drug to be
ordered for this patient?
A. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
C. Ribavirin (Virazole)
D. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganciclovir is the drug of choice for treating
cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, particularly in immunocompromised
patients such as transplant recipients. Acyclovir is effective against
herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses but has minimal activity
against CMV. Ribavirin is used for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
and hepatitis C. Amantadine is used for influenza A and Parkinson's
disease.
4. An infant has been hospitalized with a severe lung infection caused by
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and will be receiving medication via
the inhalation route. The nurse expects which drug to be used?
A. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
C. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
D. Ribavirin (Virazole)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ribavirin is the antiviral medication indicated for severe
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in infants and young
children. It is administered via aerosol inhalation. Acyclovir and
ganciclovir are not effective against RSV. Amantadine is used for
influenza A, not RSV.
5.A patient who is HIV-positive has been receiving medication therapy
that includes zidovudine (Retrovir). However, the prescriber has decided
to stop the zidovudine because of its dose-limiting adverse effect. Which
condition is the dose-limiting adverse effect of zidovudine therapy?
, A. Retinitis
B. Renal toxicity
C. Bone marrow suppression
D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer:C
Rationale:
Zidovudine (also known as AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV. Its most significant and
dose-limiting adverse effect is hematologic toxicity, specifically bone
marrow suppression.
Question 5
A nurse is administering a medication that has a high first-pass effect.
Which route of administration would most directly avoid this effect?
A. Oral
B. Enteral feeding tube
C. Sublingual
D. Intravenous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intravenous administration delivers medication directly into
systemic circulation and completely bypasses gastrointestinal absorption
and hepatic first-pass metabolism.
