1
HESI LPN-ADN ENTRANCE EXAM 2026/2027 |
NURSING ADMISSION ASSESSMENT | 100
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–20
Q1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Chambers
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it through
the aorta to the systemic circulation. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the
pulmonary circulation. The left ventricle has the thickest myocardial wall to generate high pressure.
[100% CORRECT]
Q2: Respiratory System – Gas Exchange
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where oxygen diffuses into the blood
and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The bronchi and bronchioles are conducting airways. The trachea is
the main airway. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Nervous System – Brain Function
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
,2
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and controls balance, coordination, and
fine motor movements. The cerebrum controls thought and voluntary movement. The brainstem
regulates vital functions. The hypothalamus controls temperature, hunger, and hormone release.
[100% CORRECT]
Q4: Endocrine System – Insulin
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas and facilitates glucose uptake into cells,
lowering blood glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose. Cortisol and epinephrine also raise blood
glucose during stress. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Urinary System – Kidney Function
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Hepatocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood,
reabsorbing nutrients, and forming urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
[100% CORRECT]
Q6: Digestive System – Nutrient Absorption
Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
, 3
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. It has villi and microvilli that
increase surface area. The stomach primarily digests food. The large intestine absorbs water and
electrolytes. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Musculoskeletal System – Bone Function
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. Protection of organs
B. Production of blood cells
C. Storage of minerals
D. Production of insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the skeletal system. The skeletal system
functions include protection, support, movement, blood cell production (hematopoiesis), and
mineral storage (calcium, phosphorus). [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Cardiovascular System – Blood Vessels
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood toward the heart. Capillaries
are the site of gas and nutrient exchange. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries.
[100% CORRECT]
Q9: Respiratory System – Diaphragm
What is the primary muscle of respiration?
A. Intercostal muscles
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Sternocleidomastoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration. When it contracts, it flattens and
moves downward, increasing thoracic volume and creating negative pressure that draws air into the
lungs. [100% CORRECT]
HESI LPN-ADN ENTRANCE EXAM 2026/2027 |
NURSING ADMISSION ASSESSMENT | 100
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–20
Q1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Chambers
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it through
the aorta to the systemic circulation. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the
pulmonary circulation. The left ventricle has the thickest myocardial wall to generate high pressure.
[100% CORRECT]
Q2: Respiratory System – Gas Exchange
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where oxygen diffuses into the blood
and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The bronchi and bronchioles are conducting airways. The trachea is
the main airway. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Nervous System – Brain Function
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
,2
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and controls balance, coordination, and
fine motor movements. The cerebrum controls thought and voluntary movement. The brainstem
regulates vital functions. The hypothalamus controls temperature, hunger, and hormone release.
[100% CORRECT]
Q4: Endocrine System – Insulin
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas and facilitates glucose uptake into cells,
lowering blood glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose. Cortisol and epinephrine also raise blood
glucose during stress. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Urinary System – Kidney Function
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Hepatocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood,
reabsorbing nutrients, and forming urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
[100% CORRECT]
Q6: Digestive System – Nutrient Absorption
Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
, 3
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. It has villi and microvilli that
increase surface area. The stomach primarily digests food. The large intestine absorbs water and
electrolytes. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Musculoskeletal System – Bone Function
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. Protection of organs
B. Production of blood cells
C. Storage of minerals
D. Production of insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the skeletal system. The skeletal system
functions include protection, support, movement, blood cell production (hematopoiesis), and
mineral storage (calcium, phosphorus). [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Cardiovascular System – Blood Vessels
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood toward the heart. Capillaries
are the site of gas and nutrient exchange. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries.
[100% CORRECT]
Q9: Respiratory System – Diaphragm
What is the primary muscle of respiration?
A. Intercostal muscles
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Sternocleidomastoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration. When it contracts, it flattens and
moves downward, increasing thoracic volume and creating negative pressure that draws air into the
lungs. [100% CORRECT]
