FNDH 400 FINAL [2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL | Question
and Answer | DETAILED SOLUTIONS AND PREPARATION
GUIDE
• T/F Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, a single
reference pattern, and is truncated. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Different than the
PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, MULTIPLE reference pattern, and
is NOT truncated.
• T/F Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby
increasing the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Beano contains an
enzyme that cleaves the ALPHA 1-6 BONDS in OLIGOSACCHARIDES thereby
DECREASING the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence.
• T/F People with PKU need to avoid foods containing acefulfame-K because they
have a mutation in tyrosine hydroxylase. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, People with PKU
need to avoid foods containing ASPARTAME because they have a mutation in
PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE
• T/F Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in less free
fructose available for uptake than the free fructose found in high fructose corn
syrup. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will
result in ROUGHLY THE SAME AMOUNT OF fructose available for uptake
COMPARED TO the free fructose found in high fructose corn syrup.
• T/F Fermenable, viscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone wanting
to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time -✓✓ ANSWER:
False, NONFermenable, NONviscous fiber is he best option to increase in
someone wanting to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
,• T/F Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-6
essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are more inflammatory than those
produced from fatty acids elongated from the essential omega-3 fatty acid
Linoleic acid -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids
elongated from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are LESS
inflammatory than those produced from fatty acids elongated from the essential
omega-6 fatty acid Linoleic acid
• T/F Saccharine is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups -✓✓ ANSWER: False, SUCRALOSE is similar
in structure to sucrose, the only difference being chlorines that replace alcohols
groups
• T/F Sugar alcohols (polyols) are a good option for chewing gum because they
are not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth decreasing acid production
and thus cavity formation. -✓✓ ANSWER: True
• T/F complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
lacking amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
lacking amino acid in the other food. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, complementary
proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different LIMITING amino acids,
thus combining them together hey compensate for the LIMITING amino acid in
the other food.
• T/F Bile, which is produced by the pancreas and concentrated in the liver, helps
neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Bile,
which is produced by the LIVER and concentrated in the GALLBLADDER, HELPS
EMULSIFY LIPIDS
, • Name the only macronutrient that is digested to any great extent in the mouth
and the enzyme responsible for this action -✓✓ ANSWER: Carbohydrates,
Salivary amylase
• Name the components of pancreatic juice. What is the function of these
compnents? -✓✓ ANSWER: Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate
helps to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the duodenum. Most of the
digestive enzymes active in the small intestine are provided by pancreatic juice.
Thus, without it digestion of macronutrients would not occur.
• What alternative sweetener is a concern for individuals with PKU? Why is it a
concern for those with PKU? -✓✓ ANSWER: Aspartame. It is a concern because it
is broken down into phenylalanine, which is an amino acid hat individuals with
PKU need to limi because they can't metabolize I and it can lead to adverse effects
if consumed at too high levels
• Gastric Juice improperly moving back up into the esophagus results in what
condition? What is not properly functioning to allow this to occur? -✓✓ ANSWER:
Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease is a result of a leaky lower
esophageal sphincter
• What are the bond differences between glycogen, oligosaccharides, and
cellulose? -✓✓ ANSWER: Glycogens chains are alpha 1-4 bonds with alpha 1-6
bond branch point
Oligosaccharides confina alpha 1-6 bonds
Cellulose contains beta bonds
• Name two alternative sweeteners that are derived from natural sources (not
artitifical or synthesized) -✓✓ ANSWER: Luo Han Gul Extract
and Answer | DETAILED SOLUTIONS AND PREPARATION
GUIDE
• T/F Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, a single
reference pattern, and is truncated. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Different than the
PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, MULTIPLE reference pattern, and
is NOT truncated.
• T/F Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby
increasing the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Beano contains an
enzyme that cleaves the ALPHA 1-6 BONDS in OLIGOSACCHARIDES thereby
DECREASING the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence.
• T/F People with PKU need to avoid foods containing acefulfame-K because they
have a mutation in tyrosine hydroxylase. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, People with PKU
need to avoid foods containing ASPARTAME because they have a mutation in
PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE
• T/F Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in less free
fructose available for uptake than the free fructose found in high fructose corn
syrup. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will
result in ROUGHLY THE SAME AMOUNT OF fructose available for uptake
COMPARED TO the free fructose found in high fructose corn syrup.
• T/F Fermenable, viscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone wanting
to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time -✓✓ ANSWER:
False, NONFermenable, NONviscous fiber is he best option to increase in
someone wanting to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
,• T/F Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-6
essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are more inflammatory than those
produced from fatty acids elongated from the essential omega-3 fatty acid
Linoleic acid -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids
elongated from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are LESS
inflammatory than those produced from fatty acids elongated from the essential
omega-6 fatty acid Linoleic acid
• T/F Saccharine is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups -✓✓ ANSWER: False, SUCRALOSE is similar
in structure to sucrose, the only difference being chlorines that replace alcohols
groups
• T/F Sugar alcohols (polyols) are a good option for chewing gum because they
are not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth decreasing acid production
and thus cavity formation. -✓✓ ANSWER: True
• T/F complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
lacking amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
lacking amino acid in the other food. -✓✓ ANSWER: False, complementary
proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different LIMITING amino acids,
thus combining them together hey compensate for the LIMITING amino acid in
the other food.
• T/F Bile, which is produced by the pancreas and concentrated in the liver, helps
neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum -✓✓ ANSWER: False, Bile,
which is produced by the LIVER and concentrated in the GALLBLADDER, HELPS
EMULSIFY LIPIDS
, • Name the only macronutrient that is digested to any great extent in the mouth
and the enzyme responsible for this action -✓✓ ANSWER: Carbohydrates,
Salivary amylase
• Name the components of pancreatic juice. What is the function of these
compnents? -✓✓ ANSWER: Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate
helps to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the duodenum. Most of the
digestive enzymes active in the small intestine are provided by pancreatic juice.
Thus, without it digestion of macronutrients would not occur.
• What alternative sweetener is a concern for individuals with PKU? Why is it a
concern for those with PKU? -✓✓ ANSWER: Aspartame. It is a concern because it
is broken down into phenylalanine, which is an amino acid hat individuals with
PKU need to limi because they can't metabolize I and it can lead to adverse effects
if consumed at too high levels
• Gastric Juice improperly moving back up into the esophagus results in what
condition? What is not properly functioning to allow this to occur? -✓✓ ANSWER:
Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease is a result of a leaky lower
esophageal sphincter
• What are the bond differences between glycogen, oligosaccharides, and
cellulose? -✓✓ ANSWER: Glycogens chains are alpha 1-4 bonds with alpha 1-6
bond branch point
Oligosaccharides confina alpha 1-6 bonds
Cellulose contains beta bonds
• Name two alternative sweeteners that are derived from natural sources (not
artitifical or synthesized) -✓✓ ANSWER: Luo Han Gul Extract
