NURS 5461 EXAM 1 2026/2027 | A+ EXAM REVIEW & TEST
PREP | CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | HIGH-YIELD STUDY
GUIDE | LATEST UPDATE
1. Symptoms include *Vertical Gaze Palsy, frequent falls, bradykinesia,* rigidity,
retrocollis, and dysphagia from the bulbar damage
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
Huntington's Disease
Diffuse Lewy Body disease
Parkinson's Disease
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)/Steele-Richardson-Olszewski
syndrome
2. Describe the role of DPP4 inhibitors in the management of diabetes.
DPP4 inhibitors are primarily used to reduce insulin resistance in the
body.
DPP4 inhibitors primarily work by increasing glucose absorption in the
intestines.
DPP4 inhibitors are used to stimulate the production of insulin from
the pancreas only.
DPP4 inhibitors help to lower blood sugar levels by increasing
incretin levels, which in turn increases insulin secretion and
decreases glucagon secretion.
3. Describe the potential risks associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in
diabetic patients.
SGLT2 inhibitors can lead to weight gain and increased appetite.
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
, SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and
osteoporosis.
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause liver damage and renal failure.
4. Describe the role of Divalproex in the treatment of mania associated with
dementia.
Divalproex enhances cognitive function in dementia patients.
Divalproex is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders.
Divalproex is used to manage depressive symptoms in dementia.
Divalproex is used to stabilize mood and reduce manic episodes in
patients with dementia.
5. What is the primary reason Fluoxetine should be avoided in older adults?
Its long half-life and energizing effects
It is contraindicated with other medications
It leads to increased appetite
It causes excessive sedation
6. A patient presents with elevated homocysteine levels and symptoms of
fatigue. What would be the most appropriate initial treatment approach?
Vitamin B12 injections
Supplementation with folate
Increased iron intake
Dietary changes to reduce protein intake
7. Pernicious anemia is caused by:
, sickle shaped RBCs
iron deficiency
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
vitamin B-9 deficiency
8. The primary therapeutic effect of Cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's
Disease, including Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine, is to:
Reduce the overall production of glutamate in the brain
Directly prevent the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins
Increase the availability of acetylcholine at synaptic clefts
Enhance the removal of amyloid plaques from the brain
Stimulate the regrowth of damaged neuronal pathways
9. Describe the inheritance pattern of X-linked recessive disorders and its
implications for male and female offspring.
Both males and females are equally affected due to random X
chromosome inactivation.
Only females are affected because they have two X chromosomes.
Males are affected because they have one X chromosome, while
females can be carriers without showing symptoms.
Males and females are affected equally, but symptoms vary.
10. Graves Disease is:
an autoimmune disorder that leads to under activity of the thyroid
an autoimmune disorder that leads to over activity of the thyroid
, 11. Huntington's Disease is an autosomal dominant condition because...
Both copies of the gene must be mutated for a person to be affected
Only one copy of the gene must be mutated for a person to be
affected
12. What medication is commonly prescribed for managing mania in patients
with dementia?
Sertraline
Divalproex (Depakote)
Lithium
Risperidone
13. What does TIBC stand for in relation to iron levels?
Total Iron Blood Count
Transferrin Iron Binding Capacity
Total Iron Binding Capacity
Transferrin Iron Binding Concentration
14. What condition is Sertraline (Zoloft) primarily used to treat in older adults?
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorder
Geriatric depression
Schizophrenia
15. The anti-psychotic drug Clozapine is prescribed for:
PREP | CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | HIGH-YIELD STUDY
GUIDE | LATEST UPDATE
1. Symptoms include *Vertical Gaze Palsy, frequent falls, bradykinesia,* rigidity,
retrocollis, and dysphagia from the bulbar damage
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
Huntington's Disease
Diffuse Lewy Body disease
Parkinson's Disease
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)/Steele-Richardson-Olszewski
syndrome
2. Describe the role of DPP4 inhibitors in the management of diabetes.
DPP4 inhibitors are primarily used to reduce insulin resistance in the
body.
DPP4 inhibitors primarily work by increasing glucose absorption in the
intestines.
DPP4 inhibitors are used to stimulate the production of insulin from
the pancreas only.
DPP4 inhibitors help to lower blood sugar levels by increasing
incretin levels, which in turn increases insulin secretion and
decreases glucagon secretion.
3. Describe the potential risks associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in
diabetic patients.
SGLT2 inhibitors can lead to weight gain and increased appetite.
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
, SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and
osteoporosis.
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause liver damage and renal failure.
4. Describe the role of Divalproex in the treatment of mania associated with
dementia.
Divalproex enhances cognitive function in dementia patients.
Divalproex is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders.
Divalproex is used to manage depressive symptoms in dementia.
Divalproex is used to stabilize mood and reduce manic episodes in
patients with dementia.
5. What is the primary reason Fluoxetine should be avoided in older adults?
Its long half-life and energizing effects
It is contraindicated with other medications
It leads to increased appetite
It causes excessive sedation
6. A patient presents with elevated homocysteine levels and symptoms of
fatigue. What would be the most appropriate initial treatment approach?
Vitamin B12 injections
Supplementation with folate
Increased iron intake
Dietary changes to reduce protein intake
7. Pernicious anemia is caused by:
, sickle shaped RBCs
iron deficiency
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
vitamin B-9 deficiency
8. The primary therapeutic effect of Cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's
Disease, including Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine, is to:
Reduce the overall production of glutamate in the brain
Directly prevent the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins
Increase the availability of acetylcholine at synaptic clefts
Enhance the removal of amyloid plaques from the brain
Stimulate the regrowth of damaged neuronal pathways
9. Describe the inheritance pattern of X-linked recessive disorders and its
implications for male and female offspring.
Both males and females are equally affected due to random X
chromosome inactivation.
Only females are affected because they have two X chromosomes.
Males are affected because they have one X chromosome, while
females can be carriers without showing symptoms.
Males and females are affected equally, but symptoms vary.
10. Graves Disease is:
an autoimmune disorder that leads to under activity of the thyroid
an autoimmune disorder that leads to over activity of the thyroid
, 11. Huntington's Disease is an autosomal dominant condition because...
Both copies of the gene must be mutated for a person to be affected
Only one copy of the gene must be mutated for a person to be
affected
12. What medication is commonly prescribed for managing mania in patients
with dementia?
Sertraline
Divalproex (Depakote)
Lithium
Risperidone
13. What does TIBC stand for in relation to iron levels?
Total Iron Blood Count
Transferrin Iron Binding Capacity
Total Iron Binding Capacity
Transferrin Iron Binding Concentration
14. What condition is Sertraline (Zoloft) primarily used to treat in older adults?
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorder
Geriatric depression
Schizophrenia
15. The anti-psychotic drug Clozapine is prescribed for:
