ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 REVIEW
ACTUAL FINAL PRACTICE EXAM PREP WITH ALL
POSSIBLE COMPLETE DETAILED AND MOST TESTED
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED WITH
CERTIFIED RATIONALES PLUS RELIABLE ANSWER
KEY (100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) 2026-2027 Q&A
UPDATED VERSION 100% GUARANTEED PASS
INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. The first heart sound (S1) is produced by closure of which valves?
A) Aortic and pulmonic valves
B) Mitral and tricuspid valves
C) Aortic and mitral valves
D) Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
B) Mitral and tricuspid valves
The first heart sound (S1, "lub") is produced by closure of the atrioventricular
(AV) valves—the mitral and tricuspid valves. This marks the beginning of
systole. The second heart sound (S2, "dub") is produced by closure of the
semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).
2. An S3 heart sound is best described as:
A) A high-pitched, blowing sound heard during systole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-dub-ta"
,C) A high-pitched sound heard in late diastole
D) A scratching, grating sound heard throughout the cardiac cycle
B) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-dub-
ta"
An S3 is a low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-
dub-ta" (ventricular gallop). It may be normal in children and young adults but
is often pathologic in older adults, indicating heart failure or volume overload.
3. An S4 heart sound is best described as:
A) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-dub"
C) A high-pitched sound heard during systole
D) A scratching, grating sound heard during systole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-dub"
An S4 is a low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-
dub" (atrial gallop). It is caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle and
is associated with conditions such as hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and
aortic stenosis.
4. The point of maximal impulse (PMI) is normally located at the:
A) Second intercostal space, left sternal border
B) Fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line
C) Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
D) Fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line
B) Fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line
The PMI is the location where the apical impulse is most readily seen or felt. It is
normally located at the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line in adults.
5. Which pulse is located on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the extensor
tendon of the great toe?
,A) Posterior tibial pulse
B) Dorsalis pedis pulse
C) Popliteal pulse
D) Femoral pulse
B) Dorsalis pedis pulse
The dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the
extensor tendon of the great toe. The posterior tibial pulse is behind the medial
malleolus, the popliteal is behind the knee, and the femoral is in the groin.
6. Which finding would the NP expect in a patient with chronic arterial
insufficiency?
A) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
B) Thick, tough, shiny skin with hair loss
C) Ulcers on the medial malleolus
D) Bilateral pitting edema
B) Thick, tough, shiny skin with hair loss
Arterial insufficiency causes trophic changes including thick, tough, shiny skin,
hair loss, and thick nails. Brown pigmentation and ulcers on the medial
malleolus are characteristic of venous insufficiency. Bilateral pitting edema
suggests venous insufficiency or heart failure.
7. Which finding is characteristic of venous insufficiency?
A) Dependent rubor
B) Cool, pale extremities
C) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
D) Diminished or absent pulses
C) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
Venous insufficiency is characterized by brown pigmentation (hemosiderin
staining) around the ankles, edema, and ulcers on the medial malleolus.
Dependent rubor, cool pale extremities, and diminished pulses are characteristic
of arterial insufficiency.
, 8. The nurse hears a high-pitched, monophonic, musical sound primarily
during inspiration. This finding is most consistent with:
A) Wheezing
B) Stridor
C) Crackles
D) Rhonchi
B) Stridor
Stridor is a high-pitched, monophonic, musical sound heard primarily during
inspiration, indicating upper airway obstruction. Wheezing is typically heard
during expiration. Crackles are discontinuous, popping sounds. Rhonchi are
low-pitched, snoring sounds.
9. A patient with heart failure presents with fine, high-pitched crackles at the
end of inspiration. These crackles are best described as:
A) Coarse crackles
B) Fine crackles
C) Rhonchi
D) Pleural friction rub
B) Fine crackles
Fine crackles are high-pitched, discrete, popping sounds heard at the end of
inspiration, often associated with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary edema.
Coarse crackles are louder, lower-pitched, and heard earlier in inspiration.
Rhonchi are continuous, low-pitched sounds. A pleural friction rub is a grating
sound heard during both inspiration and expiration.
10. The nurse percusses a patient's chest and notes a dull note over the left
lower lobe. This finding suggests:
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleural effusion or consolidation
ACTUAL FINAL PRACTICE EXAM PREP WITH ALL
POSSIBLE COMPLETE DETAILED AND MOST TESTED
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED WITH
CERTIFIED RATIONALES PLUS RELIABLE ANSWER
KEY (100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) 2026-2027 Q&A
UPDATED VERSION 100% GUARANTEED PASS
INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. The first heart sound (S1) is produced by closure of which valves?
A) Aortic and pulmonic valves
B) Mitral and tricuspid valves
C) Aortic and mitral valves
D) Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
B) Mitral and tricuspid valves
The first heart sound (S1, "lub") is produced by closure of the atrioventricular
(AV) valves—the mitral and tricuspid valves. This marks the beginning of
systole. The second heart sound (S2, "dub") is produced by closure of the
semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).
2. An S3 heart sound is best described as:
A) A high-pitched, blowing sound heard during systole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-dub-ta"
,C) A high-pitched sound heard in late diastole
D) A scratching, grating sound heard throughout the cardiac cycle
B) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-dub-
ta"
An S3 is a low-pitched sound heard in early diastole, often described as "lub-
dub-ta" (ventricular gallop). It may be normal in children and young adults but
is often pathologic in older adults, indicating heart failure or volume overload.
3. An S4 heart sound is best described as:
A) A low-pitched sound heard in early diastole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-dub"
C) A high-pitched sound heard during systole
D) A scratching, grating sound heard during systole
B) A low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-dub"
An S4 is a low-pitched sound heard in late diastole, often described as "ta-lub-
dub" (atrial gallop). It is caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle and
is associated with conditions such as hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and
aortic stenosis.
4. The point of maximal impulse (PMI) is normally located at the:
A) Second intercostal space, left sternal border
B) Fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line
C) Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
D) Fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line
B) Fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line
The PMI is the location where the apical impulse is most readily seen or felt. It is
normally located at the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line in adults.
5. Which pulse is located on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the extensor
tendon of the great toe?
,A) Posterior tibial pulse
B) Dorsalis pedis pulse
C) Popliteal pulse
D) Femoral pulse
B) Dorsalis pedis pulse
The dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the
extensor tendon of the great toe. The posterior tibial pulse is behind the medial
malleolus, the popliteal is behind the knee, and the femoral is in the groin.
6. Which finding would the NP expect in a patient with chronic arterial
insufficiency?
A) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
B) Thick, tough, shiny skin with hair loss
C) Ulcers on the medial malleolus
D) Bilateral pitting edema
B) Thick, tough, shiny skin with hair loss
Arterial insufficiency causes trophic changes including thick, tough, shiny skin,
hair loss, and thick nails. Brown pigmentation and ulcers on the medial
malleolus are characteristic of venous insufficiency. Bilateral pitting edema
suggests venous insufficiency or heart failure.
7. Which finding is characteristic of venous insufficiency?
A) Dependent rubor
B) Cool, pale extremities
C) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
D) Diminished or absent pulses
C) Brown pigmentation around the ankles
Venous insufficiency is characterized by brown pigmentation (hemosiderin
staining) around the ankles, edema, and ulcers on the medial malleolus.
Dependent rubor, cool pale extremities, and diminished pulses are characteristic
of arterial insufficiency.
, 8. The nurse hears a high-pitched, monophonic, musical sound primarily
during inspiration. This finding is most consistent with:
A) Wheezing
B) Stridor
C) Crackles
D) Rhonchi
B) Stridor
Stridor is a high-pitched, monophonic, musical sound heard primarily during
inspiration, indicating upper airway obstruction. Wheezing is typically heard
during expiration. Crackles are discontinuous, popping sounds. Rhonchi are
low-pitched, snoring sounds.
9. A patient with heart failure presents with fine, high-pitched crackles at the
end of inspiration. These crackles are best described as:
A) Coarse crackles
B) Fine crackles
C) Rhonchi
D) Pleural friction rub
B) Fine crackles
Fine crackles are high-pitched, discrete, popping sounds heard at the end of
inspiration, often associated with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary edema.
Coarse crackles are louder, lower-pitched, and heard earlier in inspiration.
Rhonchi are continuous, low-pitched sounds. A pleural friction rub is a grating
sound heard during both inspiration and expiration.
10. The nurse percusses a patient's chest and notes a dull note over the left
lower lobe. This finding suggests:
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleural effusion or consolidation
