D115 master set-Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse
Which type of genetic disease affects males more
frequently than females? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one
X and one Y, if the affected chromosome has the
illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal
abnormalities the leading known cause? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Intellectual disability and
fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
the leading known cause of intellectual disability
and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic
studies? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chorionic villus
sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and
preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are
examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are
performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic
testing that provides genetic information found in
utero and is usually performed between weeks 11
and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form
,of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and
is usually performed during the second trimester,
between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
Which genetic disorder is characterized by the
presence of a zygote having one chromosome
with a normal complement of genes and one
chromosome with a missing gene? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Cri du chat syndrome (translated as
"cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA deletion. This
term describes the cry often heard from a baby
affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome
can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight
baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip
generations? - CORRECT ANSWER-The disease
can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X
chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a
daughter may not show signs of the disease
because she has the other X (the only X the
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
,Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the
disease rate among the entire population to the
disease rate in an unexposed population? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Relative risk is a ratio of
probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial
diseases based on? - CORRECT ANSWER-Many
factors from lifestyle to genetics affect
multifactorial diseases. Observation and
evaluation of each case individually provides the
most thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -
CORRECT ANSWER-The imprinted gene is the
silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults
have impaired inflammation and wound healing? -
CORRECT ANSWER-The underlying chronic
illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in
chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to
fight against illness.
, Which cells are the body's primary defense
against parasite invasion? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Eosinophils are the body's primary
defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Macrophages work by eating or
phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important
determinant of immunogenicity when considering
the antigen? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to
recognize something foreign.
How are erythrocytes destroyed when
mismatched blood is administered, causing an
ABO incompatibility? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
complement pathway is activated in response to
blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes
atopic dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-An
Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse
Which type of genetic disease affects males more
frequently than females? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one
X and one Y, if the affected chromosome has the
illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal
abnormalities the leading known cause? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Intellectual disability and
fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
the leading known cause of intellectual disability
and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic
studies? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chorionic villus
sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and
preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are
examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are
performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic
testing that provides genetic information found in
utero and is usually performed between weeks 11
and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form
,of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and
is usually performed during the second trimester,
between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
Which genetic disorder is characterized by the
presence of a zygote having one chromosome
with a normal complement of genes and one
chromosome with a missing gene? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Cri du chat syndrome (translated as
"cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA deletion. This
term describes the cry often heard from a baby
affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome
can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight
baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip
generations? - CORRECT ANSWER-The disease
can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X
chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a
daughter may not show signs of the disease
because she has the other X (the only X the
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
,Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the
disease rate among the entire population to the
disease rate in an unexposed population? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Relative risk is a ratio of
probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial
diseases based on? - CORRECT ANSWER-Many
factors from lifestyle to genetics affect
multifactorial diseases. Observation and
evaluation of each case individually provides the
most thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -
CORRECT ANSWER-The imprinted gene is the
silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults
have impaired inflammation and wound healing? -
CORRECT ANSWER-The underlying chronic
illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in
chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to
fight against illness.
, Which cells are the body's primary defense
against parasite invasion? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Eosinophils are the body's primary
defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Macrophages work by eating or
phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important
determinant of immunogenicity when considering
the antigen? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to
recognize something foreign.
How are erythrocytes destroyed when
mismatched blood is administered, causing an
ABO incompatibility? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
complement pathway is activated in response to
blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes
atopic dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-An
