TEST BANK
hg
, Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
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hg Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
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MULTIPLE CHOICE hg
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
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bilayer, most ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteins hg hg hg
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains hg hg hg
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors hg hg hg hg
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A hg
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
bilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface
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antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
membrane potential changes significantly.
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1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
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A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B hg
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
carbon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
released.
hg
2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
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Med C hg
, RNA (rRNA)? hg
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesishg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs hg hg hg hg hg hg
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
Ans: C hg
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA)
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
synthesized.
hg
3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and
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worn- out cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
products and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
that remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a
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tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
to another
hg hg
Ans: A hg
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
removal of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation for
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
secretion, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting various
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
substances from one part of the cell to another.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Med C hg
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energy production within a cell hg hg hg hg hg
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm hg hg hg hg hg hg
Ans: D hg
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
chemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
contribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants”
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
of the cell because they:
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A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
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C) Extract energy from organic compounds
hg hg hg hg
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C hg
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy that
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
is easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
in ATP) to power cellular functions.
hg hg hg hg hg hg
6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of
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the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B hg
Feedback:
Med C hg
hg
, Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
hg Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
hg hg hg hg hg
MULTIPLE CHOICE hg
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
bilayer, most ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins hg hg hg
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains hg hg hg
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors hg hg hg hg
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
hg hg hg hg hg hg
Ans: A hg
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
bilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
membrane potential changes significantly.
hg hg hg hg
1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
hg hg hg hg hg hg
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
hg hg hg hg hg hg
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
hg hg hg hg hg hg
Ans: B hg
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
carbon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
released.
hg
2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Med C hg
, RNA (rRNA)? hg
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesishg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs hg hg hg hg hg hg
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
Ans: C hg
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA)
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
synthesized.
hg
3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
worn- out cell parts
hg hg hg hg
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
products and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
that remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
to another
hg hg
Ans: A hg
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
removal of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation for
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
secretion, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting various
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
substances from one part of the cell to another.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Med C hg
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell hg hg hg hg hg
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm hg hg hg hg hg hg
Ans: D hg
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
chemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
contribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants”
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
of the cell because they:
hg hg hg hg hg
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis hg hg hg hg
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
hg hg hg hg
C) Extract energy from organic compounds
hg hg hg hg
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
hg hg hg hg hg
Ans: C hg
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy that
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
is easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
in ATP) to power cellular functions.
hg hg hg hg hg hg
6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B hg
Feedback:
Med C hg
