nur 320 test #1 Study Guide LATEST
UPDATES!!! 2026-2027 |ADVANCED
Health Assessment & Fundamentals
CORRECT Q&A with Rationales|HIGHLY
GRADED A+
Piaget's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS-States that children actively construct their
understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development
which theorist tried to explain cognitive development? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget
sensorimotor stage (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
Period 1 (birth-2 years)
Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the world;
development of object permanence
preoperational thought (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's
theory
Period 2 (2-7 years)
Thinking remains egocentric=inability to place oneself in the place of another
-magical thinking and is dominated by perception/what they can see
-reasoning is intuitive and transductive
concrete operations (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
Period 3 (7-11 years)
Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and activities are
needed
-reasoning is inductive
,formal operations (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
period 4 (11 years-15 years)
New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and futuristic
thinking; understands logical consequences of actions
-move from egocentric to others-centered
If a child begins to make judgments and his or her thinking becomes more logical,
Piaget would suggest the child is at which stage of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal operational
Concrete operational - CORRECT ANSWERS-Preoperational
During the period of preoperational thought, language becomes increasingly useful to
children. Children are able to make judgments and thinking becomes more logical.
Which statement describes how nurses can use Piaget's theories in a pediatric setting?
Select all that apply.
1. Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for children.
2. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children.
3. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears.
4. Nurses can use the theories to understand the physiological basis for disease.
5. Nurses can use the theories to understand psychosexual stages of development. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for
children.
2. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children.
3. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears.
which theorist developed theories to explain psychosexual development? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Freud
During each stage of sexual development in children, a different area of the body is the
focus of attention and pleasure
Stages of Freud's Psychosexual Development - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) oral (birth to
1 yo)=Infants derive pleasure from sucking and exploring objects by placing them in
their mouths.
2) anal (1 to 3 yo)= early childhood, sensations shift away from the mouth and toward
the anus. sphincter muscles develop and learning to control bowels
3) phallic (3-6 yo)= During the preschool years, interest in genitalia begins, "penis envy"
,4) Latency period (6 to 12 years)
5) Genital stage (≥ 12 years)
Freud suggested parts of the body assume psychological significance as the focus of
which type of energy?
Sexual energy
Sensorimotor energy
Preoperational energy
Formal operational energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sexual energy
Which statement corresponds to Freud's puberty stage of psychosexual development?
A child who places an object in his or her mouth
A child who tries to control body functions
A child who experiences personal and family turmoil
A child who begins to develop a conscience and feelings of guilt - CORRECT
ANSWERS-A child who experiences personal and family turmoil
Which scenario would indicate that a child is at the latency stage of psychosexual
development?
A 2-year-old child who constantly places objects in his or her mouth
A 13-year-old boy who finds excuses to talk to his female friend in class
A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of
"boy germs"
A 15-year-old child who fights with his or her mother about wanting to stay out late on
weekends - CORRECT ANSWERS-A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on
the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs"
which theorist had theory on morality? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kohlberg
*doesn't attach age to his stages
1) preconventional/premorality morality=Something is good or bad solely based on the
consequences
2) conventional morality=concerned with conformity and loyalty (adolescence), "good"
behavior defined by what pleases/helps others
3) postconventional=autonomous or principled=self-chosen ethical principles guide
decisions of conscience; abstract and ethical but universal principles of justice and
human rights with respect for the dignity of people as individuals; **not everyone
reaches this stage
, Fear of punishment is the hallmark of which of Kohlberg's stages of moral
development?
Level of premorality
Level of conventional morality
Level of postconventional morality
Level of self-accepted moral principles - CORRECT ANSWERS-Level of premorality
A child who feels guilty about stealing a toy is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's stages
of moral development?
Select all that apply.
Preconventional morality (stage 1)
Preconventional morality (stage 2)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 3)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4)
Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Morality of
conventional role conformity (stage 3)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4)
Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5)
A child who acts in a way to avoid consequences rather than internal feelings of right
and wrong is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?
Premorality
Morality of conventional role conformity
Morality of self-accepted moral principles
Morality of postconvential role conformity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Premorality
who had a theory of psychosocial development that describes a series of crises
emerging at specific times and in a particular order? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Erikson
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages before adhulthood - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Trust vs.
Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
5. Identity vs. role confusion (12-18 years)
according to Erikson, stranger anxiety develops in what stage? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-infancy; trust vs mistrust
why is toddler's favorite word no according to Erikson theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
developing autonomy at this stage
UPDATES!!! 2026-2027 |ADVANCED
Health Assessment & Fundamentals
CORRECT Q&A with Rationales|HIGHLY
GRADED A+
Piaget's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS-States that children actively construct their
understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development
which theorist tried to explain cognitive development? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget
sensorimotor stage (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
Period 1 (birth-2 years)
Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the world;
development of object permanence
preoperational thought (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's
theory
Period 2 (2-7 years)
Thinking remains egocentric=inability to place oneself in the place of another
-magical thinking and is dominated by perception/what they can see
-reasoning is intuitive and transductive
concrete operations (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
Period 3 (7-11 years)
Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and activities are
needed
-reasoning is inductive
,formal operations (what it is and age range) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Piaget's theory
period 4 (11 years-15 years)
New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and futuristic
thinking; understands logical consequences of actions
-move from egocentric to others-centered
If a child begins to make judgments and his or her thinking becomes more logical,
Piaget would suggest the child is at which stage of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal operational
Concrete operational - CORRECT ANSWERS-Preoperational
During the period of preoperational thought, language becomes increasingly useful to
children. Children are able to make judgments and thinking becomes more logical.
Which statement describes how nurses can use Piaget's theories in a pediatric setting?
Select all that apply.
1. Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for children.
2. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children.
3. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears.
4. Nurses can use the theories to understand the physiological basis for disease.
5. Nurses can use the theories to understand psychosexual stages of development. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for
children.
2. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children.
3. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears.
which theorist developed theories to explain psychosexual development? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Freud
During each stage of sexual development in children, a different area of the body is the
focus of attention and pleasure
Stages of Freud's Psychosexual Development - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) oral (birth to
1 yo)=Infants derive pleasure from sucking and exploring objects by placing them in
their mouths.
2) anal (1 to 3 yo)= early childhood, sensations shift away from the mouth and toward
the anus. sphincter muscles develop and learning to control bowels
3) phallic (3-6 yo)= During the preschool years, interest in genitalia begins, "penis envy"
,4) Latency period (6 to 12 years)
5) Genital stage (≥ 12 years)
Freud suggested parts of the body assume psychological significance as the focus of
which type of energy?
Sexual energy
Sensorimotor energy
Preoperational energy
Formal operational energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sexual energy
Which statement corresponds to Freud's puberty stage of psychosexual development?
A child who places an object in his or her mouth
A child who tries to control body functions
A child who experiences personal and family turmoil
A child who begins to develop a conscience and feelings of guilt - CORRECT
ANSWERS-A child who experiences personal and family turmoil
Which scenario would indicate that a child is at the latency stage of psychosexual
development?
A 2-year-old child who constantly places objects in his or her mouth
A 13-year-old boy who finds excuses to talk to his female friend in class
A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of
"boy germs"
A 15-year-old child who fights with his or her mother about wanting to stay out late on
weekends - CORRECT ANSWERS-A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on
the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs"
which theorist had theory on morality? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kohlberg
*doesn't attach age to his stages
1) preconventional/premorality morality=Something is good or bad solely based on the
consequences
2) conventional morality=concerned with conformity and loyalty (adolescence), "good"
behavior defined by what pleases/helps others
3) postconventional=autonomous or principled=self-chosen ethical principles guide
decisions of conscience; abstract and ethical but universal principles of justice and
human rights with respect for the dignity of people as individuals; **not everyone
reaches this stage
, Fear of punishment is the hallmark of which of Kohlberg's stages of moral
development?
Level of premorality
Level of conventional morality
Level of postconventional morality
Level of self-accepted moral principles - CORRECT ANSWERS-Level of premorality
A child who feels guilty about stealing a toy is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's stages
of moral development?
Select all that apply.
Preconventional morality (stage 1)
Preconventional morality (stage 2)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 3)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4)
Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Morality of
conventional role conformity (stage 3)
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4)
Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5)
A child who acts in a way to avoid consequences rather than internal feelings of right
and wrong is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?
Premorality
Morality of conventional role conformity
Morality of self-accepted moral principles
Morality of postconvential role conformity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Premorality
who had a theory of psychosocial development that describes a series of crises
emerging at specific times and in a particular order? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Erikson
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages before adhulthood - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Trust vs.
Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
5. Identity vs. role confusion (12-18 years)
according to Erikson, stranger anxiety develops in what stage? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-infancy; trust vs mistrust
why is toddler's favorite word no according to Erikson theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
developing autonomy at this stage
