IPAP CLIN LAB BLOCK 4 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1. What is the only formed element that can continue to divide once it leaves
the bone marrow?: Lymphocytes
2. What are rare, multipotent (or pluripotent) stem cells which have a high
self-renewal capacity and committed colony forming units (CFUs)?: Stem cell
pools
3. What are proliferating and maturing cells, and mature granulocytic cells
stored for later release into the peripheral blood circulation?: Bone marrow pools
4. What are functional cells, and storage forms of platelets and granulocytes
(marginating granulocytes)?: Peripheral blood pools
5. What is the production, development, differentiation, and maturation of all
blood cells?: Hematopoiesis
6. What is the hematopoiesis process that happens primarily in the medullary
cavity of bone (bone marrow)?: Medullary hematopoiesis (MH)
7. What is the hematopoiesis process that occurs in organs outside of the bone
marrow?: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)
8. Which stem cells produce multi-potential stem cells capable of differentiation
into myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells?: Pluripotent stem cells
9. Which stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils,
eosinophils and basophils?: Myeloid stem cells
10. Which stem cells give rise to lymphocytes?: Lymphoid stem cells
11. What growth factors regulate differentiation and proliferation?: Hemopoietic
growth factors (Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin, Colony-stimulating factors)
,12. Which Hemopoietic growth factor is responsible for RBCs and is synthesized
primarily in the kidney?: Erythropoietin
13. Which Hemopoietic growth factor is responsible for platelets and is
synthesized in the liver?: Thrombopoietin
14. What is the function of Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins?-
: -will produce a specific kind of cell.
•Cytokines, Interleukins, Colony stimulating factors: Defined as chemical signals
responsible for promoting a specific
lineage of cell.
15. What can stimulate the release of erythropoietin?: Hypoxia
16. What three factors affect the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin A?: -temperature,
pH,
and concentration of RBC 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
17. Which globins are produced in the yolk sac?: the embryonic hemoglobins
epsilon (ε) and
zeta (ζ)
18. Which four hemoglobin chains are formed in the fetus and adults?: alpha (α),
beta (β ), gamma ( γ), and delta ( δ)
19. What is the predominant form of hemoglobin that is formed during liver
and bone marrow erythropoiesis in the fetus?: Hemoglobin F = α2 γ2 (full term
baby has
50-85% HbF)
20. What is the composition of normal adult hemoglobin?: »92-95% HbA = α2β2
» 2-3% HbA2 = α2δ2
» 1-2% HbF = α2γ2
,21. What condition usually results from underproduction of normal globin
proteins or no synthesis of one of the globin chains, often through mutations
in regulatory genes?: Thalassemia
22. What condition is a qualitative hemoglobinopathy that results from a point
mutation of glutamic acid to valine in the globin gene?: Sickle cell disease
23. What happens if either either heme or globin synthesis is impaired?: Iron
accumulates in the RBC
24. What is the term for an RBC with accumulated iron?: Siderocyte (can be
visualized with
Prussian blue stain)
25. What happens if protoporphyrin synthesis is impaired, shows as a visible
ring around the nucleus of the RBC precursor when stained with Prussian
blue?: Mitochondria become encrusted with iron
26. What is a precursor cell with a ring of iron around the nucleus?: Ringed
sideroblast
27. What is the average lifecycle of a RBC?: 120 days
28. How are lysed RBCs removed from circulation and destroyed?: by fixed
phagocytic
macrophages primarily in spleen and liver
29. What are the breakdown products of recycles RBCs?: •Globin's amino acids
are reused
•Iron reused
•Non-iron heme ultimately ends as yellow pigment urobilin in urine or brown
pigment stercobilin in feces
, 30. What are the functions of the spleen?: -Filtration
-Reservoir
-Immunological role
-Hematopoietic role
31. What is the function of red pulp in the spleen?: RBC filtration
32. What is the function of white pulp in the spleen?: Lymphocyte processing
33. What is the function of the marginal zone of the spleen?: Storage of
lymphocytes
and platelets
34. What are the filtration functions of the spleen?: -Aging red cells destroyed
-Inclusions are removed
-Spherocytes produced if RBC membrane is less deformable or if antibody-coated
35. What is the reservoir function of the spleen?: -One third of platelets and
granulocytes are
stored in the spleen
36. What is the immunological role of the spleen?: -Opsonizing antibodies trapped
and
processing antigens from encapsulated organs
37. What is the hematopoietic function of the spleen?: -Can produce white cell, red
cells
and platelets if necessary
38. What are the granular leukocytes?: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
39. What are the agranular leukocytes?: lymphocytes and monocytes
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1. What is the only formed element that can continue to divide once it leaves
the bone marrow?: Lymphocytes
2. What are rare, multipotent (or pluripotent) stem cells which have a high
self-renewal capacity and committed colony forming units (CFUs)?: Stem cell
pools
3. What are proliferating and maturing cells, and mature granulocytic cells
stored for later release into the peripheral blood circulation?: Bone marrow pools
4. What are functional cells, and storage forms of platelets and granulocytes
(marginating granulocytes)?: Peripheral blood pools
5. What is the production, development, differentiation, and maturation of all
blood cells?: Hematopoiesis
6. What is the hematopoiesis process that happens primarily in the medullary
cavity of bone (bone marrow)?: Medullary hematopoiesis (MH)
7. What is the hematopoiesis process that occurs in organs outside of the bone
marrow?: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)
8. Which stem cells produce multi-potential stem cells capable of differentiation
into myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells?: Pluripotent stem cells
9. Which stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils,
eosinophils and basophils?: Myeloid stem cells
10. Which stem cells give rise to lymphocytes?: Lymphoid stem cells
11. What growth factors regulate differentiation and proliferation?: Hemopoietic
growth factors (Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin, Colony-stimulating factors)
,12. Which Hemopoietic growth factor is responsible for RBCs and is synthesized
primarily in the kidney?: Erythropoietin
13. Which Hemopoietic growth factor is responsible for platelets and is
synthesized in the liver?: Thrombopoietin
14. What is the function of Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins?-
: -will produce a specific kind of cell.
•Cytokines, Interleukins, Colony stimulating factors: Defined as chemical signals
responsible for promoting a specific
lineage of cell.
15. What can stimulate the release of erythropoietin?: Hypoxia
16. What three factors affect the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin A?: -temperature,
pH,
and concentration of RBC 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
17. Which globins are produced in the yolk sac?: the embryonic hemoglobins
epsilon (ε) and
zeta (ζ)
18. Which four hemoglobin chains are formed in the fetus and adults?: alpha (α),
beta (β ), gamma ( γ), and delta ( δ)
19. What is the predominant form of hemoglobin that is formed during liver
and bone marrow erythropoiesis in the fetus?: Hemoglobin F = α2 γ2 (full term
baby has
50-85% HbF)
20. What is the composition of normal adult hemoglobin?: »92-95% HbA = α2β2
» 2-3% HbA2 = α2δ2
» 1-2% HbF = α2γ2
,21. What condition usually results from underproduction of normal globin
proteins or no synthesis of one of the globin chains, often through mutations
in regulatory genes?: Thalassemia
22. What condition is a qualitative hemoglobinopathy that results from a point
mutation of glutamic acid to valine in the globin gene?: Sickle cell disease
23. What happens if either either heme or globin synthesis is impaired?: Iron
accumulates in the RBC
24. What is the term for an RBC with accumulated iron?: Siderocyte (can be
visualized with
Prussian blue stain)
25. What happens if protoporphyrin synthesis is impaired, shows as a visible
ring around the nucleus of the RBC precursor when stained with Prussian
blue?: Mitochondria become encrusted with iron
26. What is a precursor cell with a ring of iron around the nucleus?: Ringed
sideroblast
27. What is the average lifecycle of a RBC?: 120 days
28. How are lysed RBCs removed from circulation and destroyed?: by fixed
phagocytic
macrophages primarily in spleen and liver
29. What are the breakdown products of recycles RBCs?: •Globin's amino acids
are reused
•Iron reused
•Non-iron heme ultimately ends as yellow pigment urobilin in urine or brown
pigment stercobilin in feces
, 30. What are the functions of the spleen?: -Filtration
-Reservoir
-Immunological role
-Hematopoietic role
31. What is the function of red pulp in the spleen?: RBC filtration
32. What is the function of white pulp in the spleen?: Lymphocyte processing
33. What is the function of the marginal zone of the spleen?: Storage of
lymphocytes
and platelets
34. What are the filtration functions of the spleen?: -Aging red cells destroyed
-Inclusions are removed
-Spherocytes produced if RBC membrane is less deformable or if antibody-coated
35. What is the reservoir function of the spleen?: -One third of platelets and
granulocytes are
stored in the spleen
36. What is the immunological role of the spleen?: -Opsonizing antibodies trapped
and
processing antigens from encapsulated organs
37. What is the hematopoietic function of the spleen?: -Can produce white cell, red
cells
and platelets if necessary
38. What are the granular leukocytes?: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
39. What are the agranular leukocytes?: lymphocytes and monocytes
