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NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology — Module 5 Concepts and Alterations
of the Digestive System: Quiz Bank
Course: NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution: William Paterson University — Department of
Nursing
Module: 5 of 7
Required Text: McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., &
Rote, N. S. (2019/2023). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for
disease in adults and children (8th/9th ed.). Mosby Elsevier
Module 5 Overview: This module covers the structure and
function of the gastrointestinal, hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic
systems and the pathophysiology of digestive system
alterations. Topics include gastroesophageal reflux disease,
peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease,
malabsorption syndromes, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis,
diverticular disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension,
hepatic encephalopathy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and
colorectal cancer. Students must understand the mechanisms of
disease, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic findings for
these conditions.
SECTION A: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
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1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of
the gastrointestinal system?
A. Oxygenation and gas exchange
B. Breakdown of food into absorbable nutrients and elimination
of waste
C. Regulation of body temperature
D. Production of red blood cells
Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the gastrointestinal system is
to break down food into absorbable nutrients and eliminate
waste products. Oxygenation is a respiratory function;
temperature regulation is primarily integumentary and
neurologic; red blood cell production occurs in the bone
marrow.
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence for abdominal
physical assessment?
A. Percussion, Auscultation, Inspection, Palpation
B. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
C. Auscultation, Inspection, Palpation, Percussion
D. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
Answer: D
Rationale: The correct clinical sequence for an abdominal
assessment is inspection, followed by auscultation, percussion,
and finally palpation. This specific order is necessary because
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physical manipulation of the abdomen through percussion or
palpation can stimulate peristalsis and alter bowel sound
assessment. Auscultation must therefore be performed before
percussion and palpation to obtain accurate baseline bowel
sounds.
3. Which of the following is a major function of the liver?
A. Production of insulin
B. Detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production
C. Oxygen transport
D. Hormone secretion
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver performs detoxification (drugs, toxins,
ammonia), protein synthesis (albumin, clotting factors), bile
production, glycogen storage, and metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Insulin is produced by
pancreatic beta cells; oxygen is transported by RBCs; hormones
are produced by endocrine glands.
4. Which of the following is a major function of the pancreas?
A. Production of bile
B. Production of digestive enzymes and hormones (insulin,
glucagon)
C. Detoxification of drugs
D. Oxygen transport
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Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas has exocrine function (production of
digestive enzymes: amylase, lipase, proteases) and endocrine
function (production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin). Bile is
produced by the liver; detoxification is hepatic; oxygen
transport is by RBCs.
5. Which of the following is a major function of bile?
A. Digestion of proteins
B. Emulsification of fats
C. Absorption of carbohydrates
D. Production of insulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the
gallbladder, emulsifies fats in the small intestine, facilitating
their digestion and absorption by pancreatic lipase. It does not
digest proteins or carbohydrates or produce insulin.
6. Which of the following is a major function of the small
intestine?
A. Water absorption only
B. Digestion and absorption of nutrients
C. Bile production
D. Insulin production
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is
NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology — Module 5 Concepts and Alterations
of the Digestive System: Quiz Bank
Course: NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution: William Paterson University — Department of
Nursing
Module: 5 of 7
Required Text: McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., &
Rote, N. S. (2019/2023). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for
disease in adults and children (8th/9th ed.). Mosby Elsevier
Module 5 Overview: This module covers the structure and
function of the gastrointestinal, hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic
systems and the pathophysiology of digestive system
alterations. Topics include gastroesophageal reflux disease,
peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease,
malabsorption syndromes, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis,
diverticular disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension,
hepatic encephalopathy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and
colorectal cancer. Students must understand the mechanisms of
disease, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic findings for
these conditions.
SECTION A: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of
the gastrointestinal system?
A. Oxygenation and gas exchange
B. Breakdown of food into absorbable nutrients and elimination
of waste
C. Regulation of body temperature
D. Production of red blood cells
Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the gastrointestinal system is
to break down food into absorbable nutrients and eliminate
waste products. Oxygenation is a respiratory function;
temperature regulation is primarily integumentary and
neurologic; red blood cell production occurs in the bone
marrow.
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence for abdominal
physical assessment?
A. Percussion, Auscultation, Inspection, Palpation
B. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
C. Auscultation, Inspection, Palpation, Percussion
D. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
Answer: D
Rationale: The correct clinical sequence for an abdominal
assessment is inspection, followed by auscultation, percussion,
and finally palpation. This specific order is necessary because
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
physical manipulation of the abdomen through percussion or
palpation can stimulate peristalsis and alter bowel sound
assessment. Auscultation must therefore be performed before
percussion and palpation to obtain accurate baseline bowel
sounds.
3. Which of the following is a major function of the liver?
A. Production of insulin
B. Detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production
C. Oxygen transport
D. Hormone secretion
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver performs detoxification (drugs, toxins,
ammonia), protein synthesis (albumin, clotting factors), bile
production, glycogen storage, and metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Insulin is produced by
pancreatic beta cells; oxygen is transported by RBCs; hormones
are produced by endocrine glands.
4. Which of the following is a major function of the pancreas?
A. Production of bile
B. Production of digestive enzymes and hormones (insulin,
glucagon)
C. Detoxification of drugs
D. Oxygen transport
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas has exocrine function (production of
digestive enzymes: amylase, lipase, proteases) and endocrine
function (production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin). Bile is
produced by the liver; detoxification is hepatic; oxygen
transport is by RBCs.
5. Which of the following is a major function of bile?
A. Digestion of proteins
B. Emulsification of fats
C. Absorption of carbohydrates
D. Production of insulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the
gallbladder, emulsifies fats in the small intestine, facilitating
their digestion and absorption by pancreatic lipase. It does not
digest proteins or carbohydrates or produce insulin.
6. Which of the following is a major function of the small
intestine?
A. Water absorption only
B. Digestion and absorption of nutrients
C. Bile production
D. Insulin production
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is
