N212 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct - Eastwick College.

N212 Pathophysiology Exam 1Study Guide |Questionsand Answers |
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2026 Update | 100% Correct - Eastwick College.
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N212PathophysiologyStudyGuide c4 c4 c4




Exam 1 c4 c4




FocusPoints: Sinusitis
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● Etiology
- Sinusitis, often called rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




more of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus. Swelling of the mucosa can block
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the drainage of secretions, which can cause a sinus infection.
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- Sinusitis often occurs after rhinitis and can be associated with a deviated nasal septum, nasal c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




polyps, inhaledair pollutantsorcocaine,facialtrauma,dentalinfections, orlossof immune
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function. c4




- Theinfectionisoftencausedbyavirus,Streptococcuspneumoniae,Haemophilus
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influenzae, diplococcus, and bacteroides.
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Medications
Nasal decongestants, such as phenylephrine, are used to reduce swelling of the mucosa.
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Client education c4




- Begin over-the-counter decongestant use atthe first manifestation of sinusitis.
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- Manifestationsofreboundnasalcongestioncanoccurifdecongestantsareusedformore than 3 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




to 4 days. c4 c4 c4




- Broad-spectrumantibiotics, suchasamoxicillin,areusedonalimitedbasis fora c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




confirmed causative bacterial pathogen.
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- Painrelief medications includeNSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin.
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TherapeuticProcedures c4




- Deviated septum repair c4 c4




- Surgical excision of nasal polyps c4 c4 c4 c4




● Viralvsbacterialtreatments forsinusitis c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




Themostcommonsinusinfectionareviralandaccount for~90% ofcases. These viral
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pathogens are often caused by the common cold virus or influenza virus.
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Viralinfectionswilltypicallyresolveontheirown and DONOTneedantibiotics. Viral infections
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usually resolve with a few weeks w/o antibiotics.
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Nursing Interventions: c4




Treatthe symptoms with NSAID, Saline or corticosteroid nasal sprays, decongestants, and
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, antihistamines.
Surgerymaybe required if sinusitis becomes a chronic condition (greater than 3 months).
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Sinusinfectionscanalso becausedbybacterialpathogens, butlesscommon(10%ofcases). Usually
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occur due to unresolved viral infections.
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Thebacteria comes from the nose and throat. Antibiotics maybe need to the infection.
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MostcommonbacterialpathogenisStepPneumoniaeandHemophilusInfluenzae Oral
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antibiotics used to treat bacterial sinus infections: Amoxicillin, Doxycycline,
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Levofloxacin.Azithromycin“Z-pack”isoverprescribedandnotgeneralnotrecommended due c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




to antibiotic resistance.
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Sinusitiscanalso becausedbyallergic “allergic sinusitis”andfungal infectionsalthough rare.
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Questions:

1.


Q:A nurse is providingcare to a client who reports facial pain, including dental pain in the upper teeth.
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Which of the following additional symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect sinusitis as the source
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of the pain?
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A:Theclienthasnasalcongestionthatdoesnotsignificantlyimprovewithover-the-counter
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decongestants or antihistamines.
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Explanation: The client has nasal congestion that does not significantly improve with over-the- c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4 c4




counter decongestants or antihistamines: Persistent nasal congestion despite the use of decongestants
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orantihistaminesisacommonsymptomofsinusitis,indicatingthatthesourceof the problem may be
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inflammation or infection in the sinuses.
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2.
Q: A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis.
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Whichof thefollowinginstructions should thenurse provide to the client? Select all that apply.
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A.
Apply warm compresses. c4 c4




B.
Completeprescribedantibiotics. c4 c4




C.
Avoid smoking. c4




D.