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,Magna Carta (1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was
forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom
13th Ammendment officially abolished slavery, prohibits involuntary servitude.
Articles of Confederation 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no
power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
Cuban Missile Crisis The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in
Cuba.
Roger Williams He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the
Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay
Colony for his religious beliefs.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau "Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member
would vote on issues and majority would become one law.
Sumerians The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third
millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental
elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and
religious conceptions.
October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution) second part of the russian revolution led by lenin; lenin was a student of marxism
and said that the proletariat would rise up against the bourgeoisie; bolsheviks
overthrew the provisional government in a bloodless coup; transform political and
economic landscape of the nation; land redistribution; soviet union was the worlds
first communist nation
Fall of the Roman Empire The fall of this empire was precipitated by Germanic attacks and toward the mid fifth
century barbarian chieftains replaced roman emperors. Rome and Western Europe
was overrun by the German tribes but they respected the Roman culture and
learned from their roman sunjects. Some Roman government and cultural ideas
survived and blended with Germanic culture. 476 AD
adage a familiar proverb or wise saying
Continental Divide separation of two different land forms
invisible hand A phrase coined by Adam Smith to describe the process that turns self-directed gain
into social and economic benefits for all
, Laissez-faire economics Theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is
necessary to protect life and property.
International Dateline is an imaginary line of longitude generally 180° (degrees) east or west of the Prime
Meridian. The International Date Line is where each new day begins.
Implicit Phonics teaching letter/sound correspondences "opportunistically" or as teachable moments
Explicit Phonics Teaching of letter-sound correspondences directly and usually systematically.
Fluency Level Independent Level-Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word accuracy).
Instructional Level-Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word
accuracy).
Frustration Level-Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word
accuracy).
60-80 wpm
Idiom A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.
Dennotation the dictionary meaning of a word
Connotation All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
spurious correlation an apparent but false relationship between two (or more) variables that is caused by
some other variable
Allusion A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
Appositive A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.