ABFM ITE EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
The most common cause of chronic cough in adults is upper airway cough syndrome. -
ANSWER-Patients might have nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhoea or congestion.
Physical findings can include swollen turbinates and posterior pharyngeal
cobblestoning, or they can be unremarkable. Initial treatment may include the use of
decongestants, oral or intranasal antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, or saline
nasal rinses.
Constipation-predominant IBS - ANSWER-Polyethylene glycol, a long-chain polymer
of ethylene oxide, is a large molecule that causes water to be retained in the colon,
which softens the stool and increases the number of bowel movements.
Pain control with opioids - ANSWER-Most orally administered immediate-release
opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, and hydromorphone reach their peak effect at
about 1 hour, at which time additional medication can be given if the patient is still in
pain. Intravenous opioids reach their peak effect at about 10 minutes and intramuscular
and subcutaneous opioids at about 20-30 minutes.
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD - ANSWER-Supplemental oxygen
should be recommended when the PaO2 is <60 mm Hg, because it has been shown to
improve mortality by lowering pulmonary arterial pressures.
Type of anti-hypertensives that can reduce severity of OSA - ANSWER-Aldosterone
antagonists.
Resistant hypertension is common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Resistant
hypertension is also associated with higher levels of aldosterone, which can lead to
secondary pharyngeal oedema, increasing
upper airway obstruction.
PCOS treatment - ANSWER-Not desiring pregnancy: low-dose COCP (caution
melasma), Spironolactone, Finasteride
Desiring pregnancy: Letrozole > Clomiphene
Initial evaluation of hypogonadism - ANSWER-FSH and LH
,Internal tibial torsion - ANSWER-Usually resolves by 5yo, surgery may be considered
in patients older than 8yo who have a severe residual deformity, especially if it is
symptomatic or cosmetically
unacceptable.
Yersinia pestis is an aerobic fermentative gram-negative rod. It causes a zoonotic
infection with humans as the accidental host. The disease is spread by a bite from a flea
vector, direct contact with infected tissue, or inhalation of infectious aerosols from a
person with pulmonary plague. - ANSWER-Plague occurs in two regions in the
western United States. One region includes northern New Mexico, northern Arizona,
and southern Colorado, and the other region includes California, southern Oregon, and
far western Nevada.
Greatest risk factor for developing osteoarthritis in older adults - ANSWER-Obesity
Preferred initial evaluation of acute mesenteric ischaemia - ANSWER-CT
Angiography
Contraindication of oestrogen-containing contraception methods - ANSWER-
Smokers >35 years of age and in patients with migraine with aura.
Highest cure rate of basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-Mohs surgery
Pharmacotherapy to reduce alcohol consumption and increase abstinence -
ANSWER-Acamprosate
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - ANSWER-Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - ANSWER-Paroxetine (associated with
more anticholinergic effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration
of an autism-specific screening tool - ANSWER-18-24 months old
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - ANSWER-Heart blocks
,Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - ANSWER-Vaginal pH >4.5
(normal vaginal pH should be acidic)
Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings
in the United States - ANSWER-Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - ANSWER-Not recommended
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - ANSWER-Individuals who have a first-
degree relative with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years
of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start
screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest
diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - ANSWER-Genetic inheritance
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - ANSWER-All currently
available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based
inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can
potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can
proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only hives can
also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or
vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or
egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age
and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be
administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - ANSWER-Helps to
assess the risk of falling
Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant
atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this
effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also
taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic.
Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - ANSWER-Azithromycin
, Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - ANSWER-TCAs > SSRIs (helps
with some pain reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should
begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ANSWER-4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the
infant had multiple blood transfusions.
In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is
commonly observed? - ANSWER-Coagulopathy
Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - ANSWER-Metformin
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents -
ANSWER-Elevated BMI
While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes
of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? -
ANSWER-Pseudomonas
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a
cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
ANSWER-Erythromycin
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - ANSWER-
Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ANSWER-3 months and
indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations
can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - ANSWER-BNP and
procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ANSWER-Add niacin
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
The most common cause of chronic cough in adults is upper airway cough syndrome. -
ANSWER-Patients might have nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhoea or congestion.
Physical findings can include swollen turbinates and posterior pharyngeal
cobblestoning, or they can be unremarkable. Initial treatment may include the use of
decongestants, oral or intranasal antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, or saline
nasal rinses.
Constipation-predominant IBS - ANSWER-Polyethylene glycol, a long-chain polymer
of ethylene oxide, is a large molecule that causes water to be retained in the colon,
which softens the stool and increases the number of bowel movements.
Pain control with opioids - ANSWER-Most orally administered immediate-release
opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, and hydromorphone reach their peak effect at
about 1 hour, at which time additional medication can be given if the patient is still in
pain. Intravenous opioids reach their peak effect at about 10 minutes and intramuscular
and subcutaneous opioids at about 20-30 minutes.
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD - ANSWER-Supplemental oxygen
should be recommended when the PaO2 is <60 mm Hg, because it has been shown to
improve mortality by lowering pulmonary arterial pressures.
Type of anti-hypertensives that can reduce severity of OSA - ANSWER-Aldosterone
antagonists.
Resistant hypertension is common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Resistant
hypertension is also associated with higher levels of aldosterone, which can lead to
secondary pharyngeal oedema, increasing
upper airway obstruction.
PCOS treatment - ANSWER-Not desiring pregnancy: low-dose COCP (caution
melasma), Spironolactone, Finasteride
Desiring pregnancy: Letrozole > Clomiphene
Initial evaluation of hypogonadism - ANSWER-FSH and LH
,Internal tibial torsion - ANSWER-Usually resolves by 5yo, surgery may be considered
in patients older than 8yo who have a severe residual deformity, especially if it is
symptomatic or cosmetically
unacceptable.
Yersinia pestis is an aerobic fermentative gram-negative rod. It causes a zoonotic
infection with humans as the accidental host. The disease is spread by a bite from a flea
vector, direct contact with infected tissue, or inhalation of infectious aerosols from a
person with pulmonary plague. - ANSWER-Plague occurs in two regions in the
western United States. One region includes northern New Mexico, northern Arizona,
and southern Colorado, and the other region includes California, southern Oregon, and
far western Nevada.
Greatest risk factor for developing osteoarthritis in older adults - ANSWER-Obesity
Preferred initial evaluation of acute mesenteric ischaemia - ANSWER-CT
Angiography
Contraindication of oestrogen-containing contraception methods - ANSWER-
Smokers >35 years of age and in patients with migraine with aura.
Highest cure rate of basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-Mohs surgery
Pharmacotherapy to reduce alcohol consumption and increase abstinence -
ANSWER-Acamprosate
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - ANSWER-Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - ANSWER-Paroxetine (associated with
more anticholinergic effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration
of an autism-specific screening tool - ANSWER-18-24 months old
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - ANSWER-Heart blocks
,Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - ANSWER-Vaginal pH >4.5
(normal vaginal pH should be acidic)
Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings
in the United States - ANSWER-Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - ANSWER-Not recommended
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - ANSWER-Individuals who have a first-
degree relative with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years
of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start
screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest
diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - ANSWER-Genetic inheritance
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - ANSWER-All currently
available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based
inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can
potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can
proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only hives can
also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or
vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or
egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age
and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be
administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - ANSWER-Helps to
assess the risk of falling
Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant
atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this
effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also
taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic.
Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - ANSWER-Azithromycin
, Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - ANSWER-TCAs > SSRIs (helps
with some pain reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should
begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ANSWER-4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the
infant had multiple blood transfusions.
In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is
commonly observed? - ANSWER-Coagulopathy
Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - ANSWER-Metformin
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents -
ANSWER-Elevated BMI
While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes
of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? -
ANSWER-Pseudomonas
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a
cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
ANSWER-Erythromycin
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - ANSWER-
Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ANSWER-3 months and
indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations
can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - ANSWER-BNP and
procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ANSWER-Add niacin
