NES Elementary Education
Subtest 1 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,the tools of communication children use to form their reading, writing, listening, and speaking
understanding of the word
Competency 1 demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of language development, oral
language skills, listening comprehension skills, and phonological and phonemic
awareness.
Informal conversations Time to talk about things that interest and excite children.
Language play Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children delight in as they work
and play.
Rhymes and song Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage children to play with words.
Stories Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good stories — either
told or read aloud.
Group talk Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations are learned and
practiced.
Because this entire period between birth and the early Emergent Literacy
elementary school years helps prepare children with the
skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this
critical stage of language development as _____ _____.
The key is to make reading and writing _____ to the fundamental, relevant
everyday life of the classroom and to make literacy
activities _____ to each child.
_____ and _____ to what the children have to say and listen, respond
they will learn to do the same.
LEA Language Experience Approach
Dictated Stories LEA
alliteration use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of
verse
language delay There are many factors that cause language delay, both environmental and
physical. Common conditions include inadequate language stimulation (neither
talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development;
parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical
problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism
spectrum disorders (ASD).
, ASD Autism Spectrum Disorders
Listening can be described as part of an active receiving, interpreting, responding
communication process that involves _____, _____, and
_____ to verbal input.
The three steps in the listening process are _____, _____, receiving, attending, assigning meaning
and _____ meaning.
Students can be given opportunities to develop and pre-listening, during listening, after listening
practice listening skills during three phases of the listening
process: _____, _____ and _____ .
discriminative listening distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for example
aesthetic listening for enjoyment
critical listening to evaluate a message
efferent listening to understand a message
phonological the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and
classification of its phonemes
phoneme (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the
speakers of a particular language
Phonological awareness an understanding that words are composed of sound units and that sound units can
be combined to form words.
graphemes a written symbol that is used to represent speech
orthography a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
Phonological awareness the awareness that language is composed of sounds and the understanding of the
relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and identifying sound units such as
words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes.
A ______ is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be syllable
divided into two parts—onsets and rimes.
Subtest 1 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,the tools of communication children use to form their reading, writing, listening, and speaking
understanding of the word
Competency 1 demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of language development, oral
language skills, listening comprehension skills, and phonological and phonemic
awareness.
Informal conversations Time to talk about things that interest and excite children.
Language play Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children delight in as they work
and play.
Rhymes and song Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage children to play with words.
Stories Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good stories — either
told or read aloud.
Group talk Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations are learned and
practiced.
Because this entire period between birth and the early Emergent Literacy
elementary school years helps prepare children with the
skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this
critical stage of language development as _____ _____.
The key is to make reading and writing _____ to the fundamental, relevant
everyday life of the classroom and to make literacy
activities _____ to each child.
_____ and _____ to what the children have to say and listen, respond
they will learn to do the same.
LEA Language Experience Approach
Dictated Stories LEA
alliteration use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of
verse
language delay There are many factors that cause language delay, both environmental and
physical. Common conditions include inadequate language stimulation (neither
talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development;
parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical
problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism
spectrum disorders (ASD).
, ASD Autism Spectrum Disorders
Listening can be described as part of an active receiving, interpreting, responding
communication process that involves _____, _____, and
_____ to verbal input.
The three steps in the listening process are _____, _____, receiving, attending, assigning meaning
and _____ meaning.
Students can be given opportunities to develop and pre-listening, during listening, after listening
practice listening skills during three phases of the listening
process: _____, _____ and _____ .
discriminative listening distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for example
aesthetic listening for enjoyment
critical listening to evaluate a message
efferent listening to understand a message
phonological the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and
classification of its phonemes
phoneme (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the
speakers of a particular language
Phonological awareness an understanding that words are composed of sound units and that sound units can
be combined to form words.
graphemes a written symbol that is used to represent speech
orthography a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
Phonological awareness the awareness that language is composed of sounds and the understanding of the
relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and identifying sound units such as
words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes.
A ______ is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be syllable
divided into two parts—onsets and rimes.
