, BIOS 255 AnAtOmy And PhySIOlOgy III | ChAmBerlAIn COllege Of nurSIng |
ACAdemIC yeAr 2026/2027 | exAmInAtIOn 2 COmPrehenSIve exAmInAtIOn |
100 verIfIed QueStIOnS And COrreCt AnSwer rAtIOnAleS | | juSt releASed .
DOMAIN 1: BLOOD AND HEMATOLOGY
Question 1
What are the major functions of blood?
A. Transportation of oxygen and nutrients only
B. Protection against pathogens and regulation of pH only
C. Transportation, regulation, and protection
D. Production of hormones and enzymes
Correct Answer: C ✓
Rationale: Blood has three major functions: transportation (oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste
products), regulation (pH, temperature, fluid balance), and protection (clotting mechanisms and
immune responses).
Question 2
What is the normal percentage of plasma in whole blood?
A. 25%
B. 45%
C. 55%
D. 75%
Correct Answer: C ✓
Rationale: Plasma makes up approximately 55% of whole blood volume. The formed elements
(erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) make up the remaining 45%.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Hemoglobin
,Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Hemoglobin is found within erythrocytes, not in plasma. Plasma proteins include
albumin (maintains osmotic pressure), globulins (immunoglobulins and transport proteins), and
fibrinogen (clotting factor).
Question 4
Which of the following leukocytes are considered agranulocytes? (Select all that apply)
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils
Correct Answer: B, C ✓
Rationale: Agranulocytes lack visible cytoplasmic granules and include lymphocytes and
monocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
Question 5
What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Defend the body against infections and foreign substances
C. Facilitate blood clotting
D. Maintain osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: The primary function of white blood cells is to defend the body against infections and
foreign substances. They are key components of the immune system.
Question 6
Which white blood cell has a multi-lobed nucleus (3–5 lobes) and fine pink/lilac granules?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Monocyte
C. Eosinophil
D. Neutrophil
Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Neutrophils are characterized by their polymorphonuclear (multi-lobed) appearance
and neutral-staining granules. This distinguishes them from lymphocytes (large round nucleus)
and monocytes (kidney-bean shaped nucleus).
, Question 7
What are the three steps of hemostasis?
A. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
B. Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
C. Vasodilation, platelet activation, fibrinolysis
D. Vascular spasm, platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: The three steps of hemostasis are: (1) vascular spasm (vasoconstriction), (2)
platelet plug formation, and (3) coagulation (including the activation of prothrombin to thrombin).
Question 8
A patient's blood sample shows agglutination in the well labeled "Anti-A" and the well labeled
"Anti-Rh," but remains smooth in the "Anti-B" well. What is the patient's blood type?
A. A-
B. A+
C. B+
D. AB+
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: Agglutination with Anti-A indicates the presence of A antigens, and agglutination with
Anti-Rh indicates the Rh factor is present. No reaction with Anti-B confirms the absence of B
antigens, resulting in Type A positive.
Question 9
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type AB
D. Type O
Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Type O blood is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens
on the surface of red blood cells, making it compatible with all other blood types. Type AB is the
universal recipient.
Question 10
Which plasma proteins play a role in transporting substances and secreting antibodies to
combat pathogens?
ACAdemIC yeAr 2026/2027 | exAmInAtIOn 2 COmPrehenSIve exAmInAtIOn |
100 verIfIed QueStIOnS And COrreCt AnSwer rAtIOnAleS | | juSt releASed .
DOMAIN 1: BLOOD AND HEMATOLOGY
Question 1
What are the major functions of blood?
A. Transportation of oxygen and nutrients only
B. Protection against pathogens and regulation of pH only
C. Transportation, regulation, and protection
D. Production of hormones and enzymes
Correct Answer: C ✓
Rationale: Blood has three major functions: transportation (oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste
products), regulation (pH, temperature, fluid balance), and protection (clotting mechanisms and
immune responses).
Question 2
What is the normal percentage of plasma in whole blood?
A. 25%
B. 45%
C. 55%
D. 75%
Correct Answer: C ✓
Rationale: Plasma makes up approximately 55% of whole blood volume. The formed elements
(erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) make up the remaining 45%.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Hemoglobin
,Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Hemoglobin is found within erythrocytes, not in plasma. Plasma proteins include
albumin (maintains osmotic pressure), globulins (immunoglobulins and transport proteins), and
fibrinogen (clotting factor).
Question 4
Which of the following leukocytes are considered agranulocytes? (Select all that apply)
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils
Correct Answer: B, C ✓
Rationale: Agranulocytes lack visible cytoplasmic granules and include lymphocytes and
monocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
Question 5
What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Defend the body against infections and foreign substances
C. Facilitate blood clotting
D. Maintain osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: The primary function of white blood cells is to defend the body against infections and
foreign substances. They are key components of the immune system.
Question 6
Which white blood cell has a multi-lobed nucleus (3–5 lobes) and fine pink/lilac granules?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Monocyte
C. Eosinophil
D. Neutrophil
Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Neutrophils are characterized by their polymorphonuclear (multi-lobed) appearance
and neutral-staining granules. This distinguishes them from lymphocytes (large round nucleus)
and monocytes (kidney-bean shaped nucleus).
, Question 7
What are the three steps of hemostasis?
A. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
B. Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
C. Vasodilation, platelet activation, fibrinolysis
D. Vascular spasm, platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: The three steps of hemostasis are: (1) vascular spasm (vasoconstriction), (2)
platelet plug formation, and (3) coagulation (including the activation of prothrombin to thrombin).
Question 8
A patient's blood sample shows agglutination in the well labeled "Anti-A" and the well labeled
"Anti-Rh," but remains smooth in the "Anti-B" well. What is the patient's blood type?
A. A-
B. A+
C. B+
D. AB+
Correct Answer: B ✓
Rationale: Agglutination with Anti-A indicates the presence of A antigens, and agglutination with
Anti-Rh indicates the Rh factor is present. No reaction with Anti-B confirms the absence of B
antigens, resulting in Type A positive.
Question 9
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type AB
D. Type O
Correct Answer: D ✓
Rationale: Type O blood is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens
on the surface of red blood cells, making it compatible with all other blood types. Type AB is the
universal recipient.
Question 10
Which plasma proteins play a role in transporting substances and secreting antibodies to
combat pathogens?
