A Concise Introduction to Logic, 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley – Chapters 1–14 Test Bank | Latest Exam Questions and Answers

TEST BANK A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
14TH EDITION BY HURLEY CHAPTERS 1 TO 14

,TABLE OFCONTENTS dfd
fd fd




Part I:INFORMAL LOGIC. df df df




1.BasicConcepts. fd fd




Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Truth, Soun
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



dness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise. Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
d f df df df df df df df df df df




2. Language: Meaning andDefinition. df df df




Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techni
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



ques
. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
df df df df df df




3. Informal Fallacies. df




Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity,
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



an d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
d f df df df df df df df df




Part II:FORMAL LOGIC. df df df




4. Categorical Propositions. df




The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity,2and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d



o f Opposition. Exercise. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise. Venn Diagr
f d f df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



ams a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
df d f df df df df df df df df df df df df




5. Categorical Syllogisms. df




Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercis
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



e. Ordinary Language Arguments. Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
d f df df df df df df df




6.PropositionalLogic.
fd fd




Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments. Exercise. I
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



ndire ct Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
d f df df df df df df df df




7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic. df df df df




Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Condi
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



tional Proof. Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
d f df df df df df df df df




8. Predicate Logic. df




Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



. E xercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
df d f df df df df df df df df df df df




Part III:INDUCTIVE LOGIC. df df df




9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning. df df df df df

,Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
df df df df df df




10. Causalityand Mill's Methods."Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Scienc
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



e. Exercise.
df




11.Probability.fd




Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
df df df df df df




12. Statistical Reasoning. df




Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
df df df df df df df df df df df df




13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning. df




The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptance of Hyp
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



ot heses. Exercise.
d f df




14. ScienceandSuperstition. fd fd




Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise.
df df df df df df df df df df df d f




Answers to Selected Exercises.
df df df

, Chapter 1 TestA df df df




MULTIPLE CHOICE df




INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargu df df df df df df df df df



ments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
d f df df df df df df df df




1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working m
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



ore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woma
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



n spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f df



Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
df df df df df df df df df df df



a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. df df df df df df df df df df



b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. df df df df df df df df df



d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. df df df df df df df df df df



e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. df df df df df df df df df




ANSWER: D df
PTS: 2 dfdfd f




2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other met
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



als in biochemical reactions. In2so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (w
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



hich can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that tr
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



ansmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" df df df df df df



a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. df df df df df df df df df df



b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. df df df df



c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. df df df df df df df df df



e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. df df df df df df df df




ANSWER: C df PTS: 2 dfdfd f




3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df



d proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of em
f df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



otion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have th
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



e capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" what
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



ever the situation. df df



David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice df df df df df df



a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. df df df df df df df df df



b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. df df df df df df df df df df



c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. df df df df df df df df df df



d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices df df df df df df df df df df



e. Nonargument.
ANSWER: E df PTS: 2 dfdfd f




4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax a
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



nd Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these mer
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



chants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employ
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f



ers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants cont
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df d f df



ribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
df df df df df df df df



a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. df df df df df df df df df df df df df




1