1|Page
NU 545 UNIT 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is metabolic absorption? - correct-answer - The uptake and use of nutrients
and other substances from the cells surrounds (pg. 3).
What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? - correct-
answer - Peroxisomes contain enzymes to use o2 to remove H atoms. This
produces hydrogen peroixide. (pg 8)
During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? -
correct-answer - Lysosomes aid in cellular digestion, seen as "trash cans and
recycling agents" "as cells complete their life span and die, lysosomes digest...the
debris... Lysosomes involved in this process of autodigestion are called
autolysosomes or autophagomes (pg 7-8).
,2|Page
Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? - correct-answer - The nucleus
contains the Nucleolus, a small dense structure composed of RNA, DNA, DNA
protein. Pg 3.
Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? - correct-answer -
"The main components of cell membranes are lipids and proteins. The basic
structure of cell membranes is the lipid bilayer..." pg 12
What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? - correct-answer - Diffusion
is the movement of a solute molecule from and area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. (pg. 29). Active transport
of K+ and Na+ requires a Sodium-Potassium Pump (pg. 31).
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How is the cell protected from injury? - correct-answer - Plasma membrane pg 12
table 1.1 (functions of membrane).
In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol have to do with the erythrocytes? - correct-
answer - causes a decrease in membrane fluidity and affects the cells' ability to
transport oxygen
What is platelet-derived growth factor? - correct-answer - PDGF stimulates
proliferation of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells. Can help with creating
blood clots. Pg 38.
What is cell communication? How does it occur? - correct-answer - Cells need to
communicate w/ each other to maintain a stable internal environment, or
homeostasis; to regulate growth and division... it is done by 3 main ways. 1) they
display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact. 2) they affect receptor proteins
, 4|Page
inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind w/
them. 3) they form protein channels that directly coordinate the activities of the
adjacent cells. Pg 19.
What is chemical signaling? - correct-answer - Primary means of cell-to-cell
communication. 5 forms of signaling mediated by secreted molecules: (1)
Contact-dependent signaling requires cells to be in close membrane-membrane
contact; (2) Paracrine signaling- cells secrete local chemical mediators that are
quickly absorbed, destroyed, or immobilized; (3) Autocrine signaling- cells
produce signals that they, themselves, respond to (cancer cells); (4) Hormonal
signaling involves specialized endocrine cells that secrete chemicals called
hormones (TSH). Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through the
tissue and through the bloodstream to produce a response in other sets of cells;
(5) Neurohormonal signaling- hormones are released into the blood by
neurosecretory neurons. (p.19)
NU 545 UNIT 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is metabolic absorption? - correct-answer - The uptake and use of nutrients
and other substances from the cells surrounds (pg. 3).
What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? - correct-
answer - Peroxisomes contain enzymes to use o2 to remove H atoms. This
produces hydrogen peroixide. (pg 8)
During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? -
correct-answer - Lysosomes aid in cellular digestion, seen as "trash cans and
recycling agents" "as cells complete their life span and die, lysosomes digest...the
debris... Lysosomes involved in this process of autodigestion are called
autolysosomes or autophagomes (pg 7-8).
,2|Page
Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? - correct-answer - The nucleus
contains the Nucleolus, a small dense structure composed of RNA, DNA, DNA
protein. Pg 3.
Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? - correct-answer -
"The main components of cell membranes are lipids and proteins. The basic
structure of cell membranes is the lipid bilayer..." pg 12
What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? - correct-answer - Diffusion
is the movement of a solute molecule from and area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. (pg. 29). Active transport
of K+ and Na+ requires a Sodium-Potassium Pump (pg. 31).
,3|Page
How is the cell protected from injury? - correct-answer - Plasma membrane pg 12
table 1.1 (functions of membrane).
In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol have to do with the erythrocytes? - correct-
answer - causes a decrease in membrane fluidity and affects the cells' ability to
transport oxygen
What is platelet-derived growth factor? - correct-answer - PDGF stimulates
proliferation of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells. Can help with creating
blood clots. Pg 38.
What is cell communication? How does it occur? - correct-answer - Cells need to
communicate w/ each other to maintain a stable internal environment, or
homeostasis; to regulate growth and division... it is done by 3 main ways. 1) they
display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact. 2) they affect receptor proteins
, 4|Page
inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind w/
them. 3) they form protein channels that directly coordinate the activities of the
adjacent cells. Pg 19.
What is chemical signaling? - correct-answer - Primary means of cell-to-cell
communication. 5 forms of signaling mediated by secreted molecules: (1)
Contact-dependent signaling requires cells to be in close membrane-membrane
contact; (2) Paracrine signaling- cells secrete local chemical mediators that are
quickly absorbed, destroyed, or immobilized; (3) Autocrine signaling- cells
produce signals that they, themselves, respond to (cancer cells); (4) Hormonal
signaling involves specialized endocrine cells that secrete chemicals called
hormones (TSH). Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel through the
tissue and through the bloodstream to produce a response in other sets of cells;
(5) Neurohormonal signaling- hormones are released into the blood by
neurosecretory neurons. (p.19)
