NR 507 Midterm Questions 2026 | Hypersensitivity &
Immunity | Advanced Pathophysiology Practice
Questions & Answers | Exam Prep
1. Which statement describes systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
It affects men more often than women.
It is nonfatal.
It is an acute, nonprogressive disorder.
It is characterized by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations.
2. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for mediating Type IV
hypersensitivity reactions?
T cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
B cells
3. What type of immune disease is characterized by a deficiency in the immune
system, such as in HIV patients?
Immunodeficiency disease
Inflammatory disease
Hypersensitivity reaction
Autoimmune disease
4. Describe why cancer is categorized as a secondary immunodeficiency.
Cancer is classified as an autoimmune disease.
, Cancer does not affect the immune system at all.
Cancer is a primary immunodeficiency because it is inherited.
Cancer is categorized as a secondary immunodeficiency because it
can impair the immune system due to the disease itself or its
treatments.
5. Which of the following is NOT classified as an autoimmune disease?
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID)
Celiac disease
Multiple sclerosis
Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
6. Describe how primary immunodeficiencies differ from secondary
immunodeficiencies.
Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic and present at birth, while
secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired due to external factors.
Both types are genetic but differ in severity.
Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by infections, while secondary
are not.
Secondary immunodeficiencies are always more severe than primary.
7. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the presence of
hives (urticaria)?
Type 3
Type 1
Type 4
, Type 2
8. Which of these symptom clusters best aligns with the clinical presentation of
SLE?
Neurological symptoms, joint pain/swelling, hair loss
Fatigue, raynaud's phenomenon, chest pain
Photosensitivity, oral/nasal ulcers, GI pain
Malar rash/discoid rash, photosensitivity, fatigue
9. This phagocyte is the most common and considered the "first responder" of
the innate system:
b cell
macrophages
neutrophil
NK cells
10. Which of the following can depress a person's normal immune function?
Hypertension
Psychological Stress
A high fiber diet
Exercise
11. Which of the following is classified as an autoimmune disease?
Cholera
Parkinson's
Graves disease
, Diabetes mellitus type 2
12. Describe why sinusitis is not classified as a primary immunodeficiency.
Sinusitis results from a lack of immune response to pathogens.
Sinusitis is a type of autoimmune disease.
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses and is not caused by an
inherent defect in the immune system.
Sinusitis is a genetic disorder affecting immune cells.
13. Describe the characteristics that define anaphylaxis as a Type 1
hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a delayed reaction involving T-cell activation and does
not involve antibodies.
Anaphylaxis is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by
antibodies.
Anaphylaxis is a reaction that occurs due to immune complex
deposition in tissues.
Anaphylaxis is characterized by rapid onset and involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells.
14. Although lupus is difficult to diagnose, which of the following can be used to
support a diagnosis of SLE:
positive for ANA
proteinuria
butterfly rash
joint swelling
all of the above
Immunity | Advanced Pathophysiology Practice
Questions & Answers | Exam Prep
1. Which statement describes systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
It affects men more often than women.
It is nonfatal.
It is an acute, nonprogressive disorder.
It is characterized by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations.
2. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for mediating Type IV
hypersensitivity reactions?
T cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
B cells
3. What type of immune disease is characterized by a deficiency in the immune
system, such as in HIV patients?
Immunodeficiency disease
Inflammatory disease
Hypersensitivity reaction
Autoimmune disease
4. Describe why cancer is categorized as a secondary immunodeficiency.
Cancer is classified as an autoimmune disease.
, Cancer does not affect the immune system at all.
Cancer is a primary immunodeficiency because it is inherited.
Cancer is categorized as a secondary immunodeficiency because it
can impair the immune system due to the disease itself or its
treatments.
5. Which of the following is NOT classified as an autoimmune disease?
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID)
Celiac disease
Multiple sclerosis
Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
6. Describe how primary immunodeficiencies differ from secondary
immunodeficiencies.
Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic and present at birth, while
secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired due to external factors.
Both types are genetic but differ in severity.
Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by infections, while secondary
are not.
Secondary immunodeficiencies are always more severe than primary.
7. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the presence of
hives (urticaria)?
Type 3
Type 1
Type 4
, Type 2
8. Which of these symptom clusters best aligns with the clinical presentation of
SLE?
Neurological symptoms, joint pain/swelling, hair loss
Fatigue, raynaud's phenomenon, chest pain
Photosensitivity, oral/nasal ulcers, GI pain
Malar rash/discoid rash, photosensitivity, fatigue
9. This phagocyte is the most common and considered the "first responder" of
the innate system:
b cell
macrophages
neutrophil
NK cells
10. Which of the following can depress a person's normal immune function?
Hypertension
Psychological Stress
A high fiber diet
Exercise
11. Which of the following is classified as an autoimmune disease?
Cholera
Parkinson's
Graves disease
, Diabetes mellitus type 2
12. Describe why sinusitis is not classified as a primary immunodeficiency.
Sinusitis results from a lack of immune response to pathogens.
Sinusitis is a type of autoimmune disease.
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses and is not caused by an
inherent defect in the immune system.
Sinusitis is a genetic disorder affecting immune cells.
13. Describe the characteristics that define anaphylaxis as a Type 1
hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a delayed reaction involving T-cell activation and does
not involve antibodies.
Anaphylaxis is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by
antibodies.
Anaphylaxis is a reaction that occurs due to immune complex
deposition in tissues.
Anaphylaxis is characterized by rapid onset and involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells.
14. Although lupus is difficult to diagnose, which of the following can be used to
support a diagnosis of SLE:
positive for ANA
proteinuria
butterfly rash
joint swelling
all of the above
