NR 507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 9 FINAL
EXAM| 50 QUESTIONS | PROCTORED
EXAM | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A 55-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease presents with a significant decrease in
glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Which compensatory mechanism does the kidney use to
maintain GFR when systemic blood pressure drops?
A. Constriction of the afferent arteriole
B. Dilation of the efferent arteriole
C. Inhibition of prostaglandins to increase blood flow
D. Release of renin to promote efferent arteriole constriction
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: When blood pressure drops, the juxtaglomerular apparatus
releases renin, leading to the production of Angiotensin II, which preferentially constricts
the efferent arteriole to increase glomerular hydrostatic pressure and maintain GFR.
2. Which cell type is responsible for the formation of ‘foam cells’ in the early stages of
atherosclerosis?
A. Macrophages
,B. Neutrophils
C. Smooth muscle cells
D. Endothelial cells
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Foam cells are formed when macrophages ingest oxidized LDL
cholesterol in the tunica intima of the arterial wall.
3. In the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which immune component is primarily
responsible for the destruction of pancreatic beta cells?
A. T-cytotoxic (CD8+) cells
B. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
C. Complement system activation
D. Mast cell degranulation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease (Type
IV hypersensitivity) where CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells destroy insulin-producing beta cells.
4. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Myasthenia Gravis?
A. Demyelination of central nervous system axons
B. Autoantibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
, C. Depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia
D. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase release
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Myasthenia Gravis involves IgG autoantibodies that block or
destroy acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, causing
muscle weakness.
5. A patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) would most likely
exhibit which laboratory finding?
A. Hypernatremia and dilute urine
B. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
C. Hyponatremia and concentrated urine
D. Hyperglycemia and ketonuria
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to free water
reabsorption, which causes dilutional hyponatremia and highly concentrated urine.
6. Which process describes the movement of fluid from the interstitial space into the
capillaries when plasma oncotic pressure is high?
A. Filtration
B. Diffusion
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 9 FINAL
EXAM| 50 QUESTIONS | PROCTORED
EXAM | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A 55-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease presents with a significant decrease in
glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Which compensatory mechanism does the kidney use to
maintain GFR when systemic blood pressure drops?
A. Constriction of the afferent arteriole
B. Dilation of the efferent arteriole
C. Inhibition of prostaglandins to increase blood flow
D. Release of renin to promote efferent arteriole constriction
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: When blood pressure drops, the juxtaglomerular apparatus
releases renin, leading to the production of Angiotensin II, which preferentially constricts
the efferent arteriole to increase glomerular hydrostatic pressure and maintain GFR.
2. Which cell type is responsible for the formation of ‘foam cells’ in the early stages of
atherosclerosis?
A. Macrophages
,B. Neutrophils
C. Smooth muscle cells
D. Endothelial cells
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Foam cells are formed when macrophages ingest oxidized LDL
cholesterol in the tunica intima of the arterial wall.
3. In the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which immune component is primarily
responsible for the destruction of pancreatic beta cells?
A. T-cytotoxic (CD8+) cells
B. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
C. Complement system activation
D. Mast cell degranulation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease (Type
IV hypersensitivity) where CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells destroy insulin-producing beta cells.
4. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Myasthenia Gravis?
A. Demyelination of central nervous system axons
B. Autoantibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
, C. Depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia
D. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase release
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Myasthenia Gravis involves IgG autoantibodies that block or
destroy acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, causing
muscle weakness.
5. A patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) would most likely
exhibit which laboratory finding?
A. Hypernatremia and dilute urine
B. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
C. Hyponatremia and concentrated urine
D. Hyperglycemia and ketonuria
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to free water
reabsorption, which causes dilutional hyponatremia and highly concentrated urine.
6. Which process describes the movement of fluid from the interstitial space into the
capillaries when plasma oncotic pressure is high?
A. Filtration
B. Diffusion
