NR 507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - WEEK 7
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM | 50
QUESTIONS | PROCTORED EXAM |
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A patient presents with low serum sodium, high urine osmolarity, and concentrated urine
despite normal fluid intake. Which condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Adrenal Insufficiency
C. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
D. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and highly concentrated urine.
2. Which clinical finding is most characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Polyuria with high specific gravity
B. Hyponatremia
C. Large volumes of dilute urine
,D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by an insufficiency of ADH or
a lack of response to it, resulting in the inability to concentrate urine and polyuria of dilute
urine.
3. In Graves’ disease, the pathophysiology involves:
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) mimicking TSH
B. Destruction of the thyroid gland by T-cells
C. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
D. Inhibition of T3 and T4 synthesis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
(TSI) bind to and stimulate TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
4. Which laboratory result is diagnostic of primary hypothyroidism?
A. Low TSH and Low T4
B. High TSH and High T4
C. Low TSH and High T4
D. High TSH and Low T4
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Primary hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails,
leading to low T4 levels, which causes the pituitary to secrete high levels of TSH via
negative feedback.
5. A patient with Cushing Syndrome is most likely to exhibit:
A. Hyperpigmentation and weight loss
B. Hypotension and hyperkalemia
C. Central obesity and ‘moon face’
D. Hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing Syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol, resulting in
characteristic fat redistribution to the face, neck, and trunk.
6. What is the primary cause of Addison’s Disease?
A. Pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH
B. Renin-secreting tumor
C. Excessive exogenous glucocorticoid use
D. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
Answer: D
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - WEEK 7
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM | 50
QUESTIONS | PROCTORED EXAM |
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A patient presents with low serum sodium, high urine osmolarity, and concentrated urine
despite normal fluid intake. Which condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Adrenal Insufficiency
C. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
D. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and highly concentrated urine.
2. Which clinical finding is most characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Polyuria with high specific gravity
B. Hyponatremia
C. Large volumes of dilute urine
,D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by an insufficiency of ADH or
a lack of response to it, resulting in the inability to concentrate urine and polyuria of dilute
urine.
3. In Graves’ disease, the pathophysiology involves:
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) mimicking TSH
B. Destruction of the thyroid gland by T-cells
C. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
D. Inhibition of T3 and T4 synthesis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
(TSI) bind to and stimulate TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
4. Which laboratory result is diagnostic of primary hypothyroidism?
A. Low TSH and Low T4
B. High TSH and High T4
C. Low TSH and High T4
D. High TSH and Low T4
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Primary hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails,
leading to low T4 levels, which causes the pituitary to secrete high levels of TSH via
negative feedback.
5. A patient with Cushing Syndrome is most likely to exhibit:
A. Hyperpigmentation and weight loss
B. Hypotension and hyperkalemia
C. Central obesity and ‘moon face’
D. Hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing Syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol, resulting in
characteristic fat redistribution to the face, neck, and trunk.
6. What is the primary cause of Addison’s Disease?
A. Pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH
B. Renin-secreting tumor
C. Excessive exogenous glucocorticoid use
D. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
Answer: D
