NUR 2115 FINAL EXAM:
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL
NURSING
1. A nurse is evaluating a patient’s understanding of a newly prescribed medication. Which
phase of the nursing process is being utilized?
A. Evaluation
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Assessment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Evaluation is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse
determines the effectiveness of the interventions and the patient’s progress toward goals,
such as understanding medication.
2. A nurse observes a colleague talking about a patient’s diagnosis in the hospital cafeteria.
Which legal and ethical principle is being violated?
A. Veracity
,B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Confidentiality
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Confidentiality is the duty to protect a patient’s private
information under HIPAA. Discussing patient details in public areas is a breach of this duty.
3. When assessing an older adult patient for orthostatic hypotension, which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Assess the patient’s heart rate after they have been supine for 5 to 10 minutes.
B. Measure blood pressure while the patient is sitting.
C. Measure blood pressure while the patient is standing.
D. Instruct the patient to drink a glass of water before measurement.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The correct procedure for orthostatic vital signs begins with the
patient in a supine position for at least 5 minutes to establish a baseline before changing
positions.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient with a Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection. Which infection
control measure is mandatory?
A. Use of alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene.
, B. Wearing an N95 respirator mask.
C. Placing the patient in a positive-pressure room.
D. Washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: C. diff spores are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers; therefore,
mechanical scrubbing with soap and water is required to remove them from hands.
5. An elderly patient is admitted with dehydration. The nurse notes the patient is confused
and has poor skin turgor. Which nursing diagnosis is the priority?
A. Risk for Injury related to confusion
B. Disturbed Thought Processes related to aging
C. Impaired Skin Integrity related to dehydration
D. Deficient Fluid Volume related to fluid loss
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Using Maslow’s Hierarchy and ABCs, physiological needs like
fluid volume take priority over safety risks like injury or cognitive issues.
6. Which of the following describes the ‘Z-track’ method for intramuscular injections?
A. Massaging the site immediately after injecting the medication.
B. Inserting the needle at a 45-degree angle to reach the subcutaneous tissue.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL
NURSING
1. A nurse is evaluating a patient’s understanding of a newly prescribed medication. Which
phase of the nursing process is being utilized?
A. Evaluation
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Assessment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Evaluation is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse
determines the effectiveness of the interventions and the patient’s progress toward goals,
such as understanding medication.
2. A nurse observes a colleague talking about a patient’s diagnosis in the hospital cafeteria.
Which legal and ethical principle is being violated?
A. Veracity
,B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Confidentiality
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Confidentiality is the duty to protect a patient’s private
information under HIPAA. Discussing patient details in public areas is a breach of this duty.
3. When assessing an older adult patient for orthostatic hypotension, which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Assess the patient’s heart rate after they have been supine for 5 to 10 minutes.
B. Measure blood pressure while the patient is sitting.
C. Measure blood pressure while the patient is standing.
D. Instruct the patient to drink a glass of water before measurement.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The correct procedure for orthostatic vital signs begins with the
patient in a supine position for at least 5 minutes to establish a baseline before changing
positions.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient with a Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection. Which infection
control measure is mandatory?
A. Use of alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene.
, B. Wearing an N95 respirator mask.
C. Placing the patient in a positive-pressure room.
D. Washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: C. diff spores are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers; therefore,
mechanical scrubbing with soap and water is required to remove them from hands.
5. An elderly patient is admitted with dehydration. The nurse notes the patient is confused
and has poor skin turgor. Which nursing diagnosis is the priority?
A. Risk for Injury related to confusion
B. Disturbed Thought Processes related to aging
C. Impaired Skin Integrity related to dehydration
D. Deficient Fluid Volume related to fluid loss
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Using Maslow’s Hierarchy and ABCs, physiological needs like
fluid volume take priority over safety risks like injury or cognitive issues.
6. Which of the following describes the ‘Z-track’ method for intramuscular injections?
A. Massaging the site immediately after injecting the medication.
B. Inserting the needle at a 45-degree angle to reach the subcutaneous tissue.
