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Biology Made Easy- Semi Conservative DNA Replication for AS/A-Level students.

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Unit 4 - Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms
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This document covers semi-conservative DNA replication with : 1. Step-by-step process of semi-conservative DNA replication and the keywords highlighted. 2. Exact wording to use in answers to gain full marks. 3. Common mistakes to be avoided. Students will be able to understand the topic clearly and attempt exam questions with full knowledge.

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AQA Biology AS/A-Level Revision Notes


DNA replication 🧬
Semi-Conservative DNA Replication: Each daughter DNA molecule contains one original
(parental) strand and one newly synthesised strand, producing two genetically identical DNA
molecules.




es
●​ DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix and breaks the hydrogen bonds between
complementary bases, causing the two strands to separate.




ot
●​ Each strand acts as a template.
●​ Free DNA nucleotides are attracted to the exposed bases on each template strand and pair by
complementary base pairing (A-T and C-G).




N
●​ DNA polymerase catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides by
a condensation reaction.
y
●​ Two genetically identical DNA molecules are produced.
ud
St
YK




💡Exam Tips
●​ Always mention DNA helicase and DNA polymerase by name in 4-6-mark questions (+ essay).
●​ Always use the term template strand in exam answers.


🚨 Common Mistakes

●​ Saying DNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds.
●​ Forgetting to mention the template strands.
●​ Writing "DNA polymerase joins bases together. ”
●​ Confusing hydrogen bonds with phosphodiester bonds.
●​ Describing DNA replication as "conservative".




1

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Study Level
A/AS Level
Subject
A Level Biology
Uploaded on
September 9, 2026
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2026/2027
Type
Class notes
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