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NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma - ANSWER-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction
and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER--airway
inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle
spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
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Bronchioles - ANSWER-smaller passageways that originate
from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER-embedded with
connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER-white blood cells are
present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to
asthma - ANSWER-the WBCs protective feature goes into
overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
,3 | Page
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain -
ANSWER-columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet
cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain -
ANSWER-smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do -
ANSWER-control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER-When air is unable to move
out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER-the ongoing
inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug
that the bronchial walls collapse around
, 4 | Page
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER--expanded
thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma -
ANSWER-tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER-These
drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER-the
parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine
binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma - ANSWER-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction
and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER--airway
inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle
spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
,2 | Page
Bronchioles - ANSWER-smaller passageways that originate
from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER-embedded with
connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER-white blood cells are
present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to
asthma - ANSWER-the WBCs protective feature goes into
overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
,3 | Page
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain -
ANSWER-columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet
cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain -
ANSWER-smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do -
ANSWER-control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER-When air is unable to move
out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER-the ongoing
inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug
that the bronchial walls collapse around
, 4 | Page
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER--expanded
thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma -
ANSWER-tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER-These
drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER-the
parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine
binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
