HCR 240 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. The base components of DNA are:
A.) A, G, C and U
B.) P, G, C and T
C.) A, G, C and T
D.) X, XX, XY and YY
Answer:
A, G, C, T
Question:
2. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
A.) Biploidy
B.) Triploidy
C.) Tetraploidy
D.) Aneuploidy
Answer:
Tetraploidy
Question:
3. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
A.)Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
B.) Increased paternal age.
C.) Family history of Down syndrome.
D.) Pregnancy in women over age 35.
Answer:
Pregnancy in women over age 35.
Question:
4. A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single
X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?
A.) Down syndrome
B.) Cri du chat syndrome
C.) Turner syndrome
D.) Fragile X syndrome
Answer:
Turner syndrome
,Question:
5. What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration?
A.) Turner
B.) Klinefelter
C.) Down
D.) Fragile X
Answer:
Klinefelter
Question:
6. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child's parents are siblings. Cystic
fibrosis was most likely the result of:
A.) X-inactivation.
B.) genomic imprinting.
C.) consanguinity.
D.) obligate carriers.
Answer:
consanguinity.
Question:
7. The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:
A.) a polygenic trait
B.) a multifactorial trait
C.) crossing over
D.) recombination
Answer:
a multifactorial trait.
Question:
8. When discussing DNA replication, which enzyme is most important?
A.) RNA polymerase
B.) Transfer RNA
C.) Messenger RNA
D.) DNA polymerase
Answer:
DNA polymerase
Question:
9. When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the
nurse include? (select all that apply)
- The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
- The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
- The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females
- The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
- The trait never skips generations
,Answer:
The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
Question:
10. Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into
functional neurons when subjected to:
A.) ethanol
B.) marijuana
C.) insufficient nutrients
D.) poor oxygenation
Answer:
ethanol.
Question:
11. During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the
development of epigenetic abnormalities?
A.) infancy
B.) puberty
C.) In utero
D.) middle age
Answer:
In utero
Question:
12. Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in
utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (select all that apply)
- obesity
- asthma
-cardiovascular disease
- diabetes
- crohn's disease
Answer:
Obesity
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Question:
13. The embryo/fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic agents during:
A.) The first trimester of pregnancy
B.) The second trimester of pregnancy
C.) The time of delivery
D.) All of the above
Answer:
The first trimester of pregnancy
, Question:
14. Mr.and Mrs. Ready are seeking genetic counselling. Mrs.Ready knows that she carries the gene for
PKU (Phenylketonuria). Based on your understanding of genetics and the pathophysiology of PKU, which
of the following is true?
A.) PKU results from defective transport of the chloride ion.
B.) An infant with PKU will not have any brain damage
C.) PKU is an enzyme deficiency, resulting in inability to metabolize phenylalanine
D.) PKU is connective tissue disorder
Answer:
PKU is an enzyme deficiency, resulting in inability to metabolize phenylalanine
Question:
15. An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a
A.) Chromosomal structure
B.) Genetic impring
C.) Karyotype
D.) Single gene display
Answer:
Karyotype
Question:
16. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
A.) cell junction
B.) gap junction
C.) desmosome
D.) tight junction
Answer:
cell junction
Question:
17. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance?
A.) Electron-transport chain
B.) Aerobic glycolysis
C.) Anaerobic glycolysis
D.) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
Question:
18. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy?
A.) Physiologic
B.) Pathologic
C.) Disuse
D.) Neurogenic
Answer:
Physiologic
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. The base components of DNA are:
A.) A, G, C and U
B.) P, G, C and T
C.) A, G, C and T
D.) X, XX, XY and YY
Answer:
A, G, C, T
Question:
2. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
A.) Biploidy
B.) Triploidy
C.) Tetraploidy
D.) Aneuploidy
Answer:
Tetraploidy
Question:
3. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
A.)Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
B.) Increased paternal age.
C.) Family history of Down syndrome.
D.) Pregnancy in women over age 35.
Answer:
Pregnancy in women over age 35.
Question:
4. A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single
X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?
A.) Down syndrome
B.) Cri du chat syndrome
C.) Turner syndrome
D.) Fragile X syndrome
Answer:
Turner syndrome
,Question:
5. What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration?
A.) Turner
B.) Klinefelter
C.) Down
D.) Fragile X
Answer:
Klinefelter
Question:
6. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child's parents are siblings. Cystic
fibrosis was most likely the result of:
A.) X-inactivation.
B.) genomic imprinting.
C.) consanguinity.
D.) obligate carriers.
Answer:
consanguinity.
Question:
7. The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:
A.) a polygenic trait
B.) a multifactorial trait
C.) crossing over
D.) recombination
Answer:
a multifactorial trait.
Question:
8. When discussing DNA replication, which enzyme is most important?
A.) RNA polymerase
B.) Transfer RNA
C.) Messenger RNA
D.) DNA polymerase
Answer:
DNA polymerase
Question:
9. When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the
nurse include? (select all that apply)
- The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
- The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
- The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females
- The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
- The trait never skips generations
,Answer:
The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
Question:
10. Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into
functional neurons when subjected to:
A.) ethanol
B.) marijuana
C.) insufficient nutrients
D.) poor oxygenation
Answer:
ethanol.
Question:
11. During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the
development of epigenetic abnormalities?
A.) infancy
B.) puberty
C.) In utero
D.) middle age
Answer:
In utero
Question:
12. Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in
utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (select all that apply)
- obesity
- asthma
-cardiovascular disease
- diabetes
- crohn's disease
Answer:
Obesity
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Question:
13. The embryo/fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic agents during:
A.) The first trimester of pregnancy
B.) The second trimester of pregnancy
C.) The time of delivery
D.) All of the above
Answer:
The first trimester of pregnancy
, Question:
14. Mr.and Mrs. Ready are seeking genetic counselling. Mrs.Ready knows that she carries the gene for
PKU (Phenylketonuria). Based on your understanding of genetics and the pathophysiology of PKU, which
of the following is true?
A.) PKU results from defective transport of the chloride ion.
B.) An infant with PKU will not have any brain damage
C.) PKU is an enzyme deficiency, resulting in inability to metabolize phenylalanine
D.) PKU is connective tissue disorder
Answer:
PKU is an enzyme deficiency, resulting in inability to metabolize phenylalanine
Question:
15. An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a
A.) Chromosomal structure
B.) Genetic impring
C.) Karyotype
D.) Single gene display
Answer:
Karyotype
Question:
16. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
A.) cell junction
B.) gap junction
C.) desmosome
D.) tight junction
Answer:
cell junction
Question:
17. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance?
A.) Electron-transport chain
B.) Aerobic glycolysis
C.) Anaerobic glycolysis
D.) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
Question:
18. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy?
A.) Physiologic
B.) Pathologic
C.) Disuse
D.) Neurogenic
Answer:
Physiologic
