STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
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, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a patient
problem, and determine the best possible plan of
CRITICAL action. Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical
THINKING, thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY decision making. A process that uses nursing
knowledge
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take action;
evaluate outcomes; repeat.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled
in too many directions. She was also crying in her
car and hadpoor study habits and not enough
sleep.
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time
from work, and wasted time between classes that
she could better utilize. Your resources will be
different, but they exist!
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking
to determine why her current plan isn’t working. She
thinks honestly about her poor study habits, her
time- management problems, and the impact this is
having on her and her family.
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking
to develop and carry out a plan that uses her
resources and provides more productive study time
and more quality time with her kids.
VOCABULARY
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking
with nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data
collection, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation,and evaluation.
Critical thinking
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable
outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and
related thinking skills.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
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Collaboration
Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
Intervention
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
Evaluation
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with
actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected
outcomes met?
Vigilance
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
And clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage
the problem.
CUE RECOGNITION
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing
is listed below.
1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
pillow.
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
1
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, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing
The correct answers are in boldface.
process, for which the registered nurse is responsible;
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these.
the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the Nitroglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst
best answer. knowing the patient’s blood pressure.
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
knowing something is exhibiting intellectual freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic
humility. (1) shows expertise but not necessarily needs such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to
intellectual humility; feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having positive self-
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; esteem.
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
evidence of humility. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define 4) are all positive but do not show intent to take
critical thinking but are examples of good action.
thinking. 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are data; (3) is a recommendation.
are achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
of the physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection provides only hip replacement as the patient’s
and imple- mentation, which are earlier steps in the problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessary.
nursing process.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed
voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which
includes
StudyNexa ‐ Stuvia | Page 4 of 226
STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
StudyNexa ‐ Stuvia | Page 1 of 226
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a patient
problem, and determine the best possible plan of
CRITICAL action. Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical
THINKING, thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY decision making. A process that uses nursing
knowledge
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take action;
evaluate outcomes; repeat.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled
in too many directions. She was also crying in her
car and hadpoor study habits and not enough
sleep.
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time
from work, and wasted time between classes that
she could better utilize. Your resources will be
different, but they exist!
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking
to determine why her current plan isn’t working. She
thinks honestly about her poor study habits, her
time- management problems, and the impact this is
having on her and her family.
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking
to develop and carry out a plan that uses her
resources and provides more productive study time
and more quality time with her kids.
VOCABULARY
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking
with nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data
collection, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation,and evaluation.
Critical thinking
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable
outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and
related thinking skills.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
StudyNexa ‐ Stuvia | Page 2 of 226
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
Collaboration
Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
Intervention
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
Evaluation
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with
actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected
outcomes met?
Vigilance
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
And clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage
the problem.
CUE RECOGNITION
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing
is listed below.
1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
pillow.
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
1
StudyNexa ‐ Stuvia | Page 3 of 226
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing
The correct answers are in boldface.
process, for which the registered nurse is responsible;
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these.
the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the Nitroglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst
best answer. knowing the patient’s blood pressure.
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
knowing something is exhibiting intellectual freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic
humility. (1) shows expertise but not necessarily needs such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to
intellectual humility; feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having positive self-
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; esteem.
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
evidence of humility. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define 4) are all positive but do not show intent to take
critical thinking but are examples of good action.
thinking. 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are data; (3) is a recommendation.
are achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
of the physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection provides only hip replacement as the patient’s
and imple- mentation, which are earlier steps in the problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessary.
nursing process.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed
voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which
includes
StudyNexa ‐ Stuvia | Page 4 of 226
