NUR 216 Exam 2 Study Guide QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
LATEST Exam questions and answers 2026
GRADED A+
Assessment techniques for integumentary - CORRECT ANSWERS inspection and palpation
Inspection and palpation in skin color: expected findings - CORRECT ANSWERS -general
pigmentation even and consistent
-appropriate for each ethnicity: whitish pink for light or dark brown with yellow or olive tones
-increased pigmentation if exposed to sun
-hyperpigmentation: birthmarks, sun damage, freckles, tan lines.
-HyPOpigmentation: scars, stretch marks, vitiligo.
Inspection and palpation in skin color: unexpected findings - CORRECT ANSWERS pallor
erythema
cyanosis
juandice
pallor - CORRECT ANSWERS loss of color
black skin tones are gray especially in mucous membranes.
Brown skin tones a change to yellow-brown.
pale skin tones a loss of redness undertones
best places to see are: conjunctivae, lips, buccal, and mucosa
Causes: Anemia, shock, lack of blood flow
Erythema - CORRECT ANSWERS redness
,hard to see on darker clients.
face, skin and pressure sore areas.
palpate skin for warmth and inflamed areas hard or tenderness
causes: inflammation/infection, vasodilation(dilation of blood vessels, increases BP)
Cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWERS light skin tones: bluish
palms and soles for darker skin tones.
brown skin tones change to a yellow.
black skin tones look grey.
best place to note in darker skin tones: mucous membranes and nail beds
Causes: hypoxia or impaired venous return
Juandice - CORRECT ANSWERS yellowing of the skin
skin, sclera, mucosa membranes
causes: liver dysfunction/disease, RBC destruction
temperature inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS use dorsal of hand
expected findings:
-skin is warm
-temperature is equal bilaterally
moisture inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS expected: dry
unexpected: diaphoretic (sweating heavily)
texture inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS expected: smooth
,expected variations: acne, wrinkles, scars
unexpected: velvety skin (thyroid disease) roughness, dryness (xerosis), flakiness (indicates dehydration)
turgor inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS dehydration or normal aging for a "tent"
clavicle location is ideal
edema in skin - CORRECT ANSWERS accumulation of fluid in the tissue
-skin i shiny and taut
-most common in legs
-assess over a bony area
-assess in all areas arms, legs and abdomen.
+1 is trace 2mm rapid return
+2 is mild 4mm 10-15 second return
+3 is moderate 6mm prolonged return
+4 is severe 8mm prolonged return
double amount for mm amount
vascular lesions - CORRECT ANSWERS results from blood leaking from blood vessels into
the dermis
-Petechiae: infection or trauma.
-Ecchymosis: trauma (collection of blood in dermis >3 mm in diameter, can change colors during healing
(lead).
-purpura: infection or bleeding disorder
note the following for lesions - CORRECT ANSWERS color
height (above the skin)
, shape
size (measured in cm)
-location and distribution on the body, if any exudate note the color and odor. COCA (color, odor,
consistency, amount)
ABCDEs of melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS A= asymmetry
B= border (irregular)
C= varies (brown, balck, tan)
D= diameter (usually >6mm)
E= evolving (looks different?)
flat lesions: macule - CORRECT ANSWERS freckles, mole, measles, scarlet fever
flat lesions: patch - CORRECT ANSWERS birthmark, vitiligo, hormonal changes
raised lesions: papule - CORRECT ANSWERS wart, elevated mole, skin tags
raised lesions: plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS psoriasis, eczema
raised solid lesions: - CORRECT ANSWERS tumor (neoplasm)
wheal (inspect bites, allergic reaction, hives
nodule(melanoma)
raised, fluid lesions (vesicles) - CORRECT ANSWERS pustule (acne, cold sore)
cyst: cystic acne, sebaceous cyst
bulla: blister, medication reaction
CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
LATEST Exam questions and answers 2026
GRADED A+
Assessment techniques for integumentary - CORRECT ANSWERS inspection and palpation
Inspection and palpation in skin color: expected findings - CORRECT ANSWERS -general
pigmentation even and consistent
-appropriate for each ethnicity: whitish pink for light or dark brown with yellow or olive tones
-increased pigmentation if exposed to sun
-hyperpigmentation: birthmarks, sun damage, freckles, tan lines.
-HyPOpigmentation: scars, stretch marks, vitiligo.
Inspection and palpation in skin color: unexpected findings - CORRECT ANSWERS pallor
erythema
cyanosis
juandice
pallor - CORRECT ANSWERS loss of color
black skin tones are gray especially in mucous membranes.
Brown skin tones a change to yellow-brown.
pale skin tones a loss of redness undertones
best places to see are: conjunctivae, lips, buccal, and mucosa
Causes: Anemia, shock, lack of blood flow
Erythema - CORRECT ANSWERS redness
,hard to see on darker clients.
face, skin and pressure sore areas.
palpate skin for warmth and inflamed areas hard or tenderness
causes: inflammation/infection, vasodilation(dilation of blood vessels, increases BP)
Cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWERS light skin tones: bluish
palms and soles for darker skin tones.
brown skin tones change to a yellow.
black skin tones look grey.
best place to note in darker skin tones: mucous membranes and nail beds
Causes: hypoxia or impaired venous return
Juandice - CORRECT ANSWERS yellowing of the skin
skin, sclera, mucosa membranes
causes: liver dysfunction/disease, RBC destruction
temperature inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS use dorsal of hand
expected findings:
-skin is warm
-temperature is equal bilaterally
moisture inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS expected: dry
unexpected: diaphoretic (sweating heavily)
texture inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS expected: smooth
,expected variations: acne, wrinkles, scars
unexpected: velvety skin (thyroid disease) roughness, dryness (xerosis), flakiness (indicates dehydration)
turgor inspection for skin - CORRECT ANSWERS dehydration or normal aging for a "tent"
clavicle location is ideal
edema in skin - CORRECT ANSWERS accumulation of fluid in the tissue
-skin i shiny and taut
-most common in legs
-assess over a bony area
-assess in all areas arms, legs and abdomen.
+1 is trace 2mm rapid return
+2 is mild 4mm 10-15 second return
+3 is moderate 6mm prolonged return
+4 is severe 8mm prolonged return
double amount for mm amount
vascular lesions - CORRECT ANSWERS results from blood leaking from blood vessels into
the dermis
-Petechiae: infection or trauma.
-Ecchymosis: trauma (collection of blood in dermis >3 mm in diameter, can change colors during healing
(lead).
-purpura: infection or bleeding disorder
note the following for lesions - CORRECT ANSWERS color
height (above the skin)
, shape
size (measured in cm)
-location and distribution on the body, if any exudate note the color and odor. COCA (color, odor,
consistency, amount)
ABCDEs of melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS A= asymmetry
B= border (irregular)
C= varies (brown, balck, tan)
D= diameter (usually >6mm)
E= evolving (looks different?)
flat lesions: macule - CORRECT ANSWERS freckles, mole, measles, scarlet fever
flat lesions: patch - CORRECT ANSWERS birthmark, vitiligo, hormonal changes
raised lesions: papule - CORRECT ANSWERS wart, elevated mole, skin tags
raised lesions: plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS psoriasis, eczema
raised solid lesions: - CORRECT ANSWERS tumor (neoplasm)
wheal (inspect bites, allergic reaction, hives
nodule(melanoma)
raised, fluid lesions (vesicles) - CORRECT ANSWERS pustule (acne, cold sore)
cyst: cystic acne, sebaceous cyst
bulla: blister, medication reaction
