MBG 1000 FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

MBG 1000 FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. T/F: With the exception of gametes, all cells have the same DNA content
Answer:
True

Question:
2. Where is DNA stored in the cell?
Answer:
Nucleus Mitochondrial DNA (mtD- NA) get from mother-only found in eggs

Question:
3. Somatic cells (3)
Answer:
-body cells
-diploid
-eg skin, liver, eyeballs

Question:
4. Gametes (4)
Answer:
-sex cells (egg/sperm)
-DNA here gets passed onto children
-haploid
-one copy of each autosome and one sex chromosome

Question:
5. Autosomes (2)
Answer:
-not sex chromosomes
-22 pairs

Question:
6. What nucleotide bases are in DNA?
Answer:
-Adenine (A)
-Thymine (T)
-Cytosine (C)
-Guanine (G)

Question:
7. Are A, T, C, and G the nucleotide bases in RNA?

,Answer:
No-- Thymine (T) is replaced by Uracil (U)

Question:
8. Genes (4)
Answer:
-basic unit physical and functional unit of hereditary
-carries the blueprint (genetic code) for cellular functions
-DNA
-22 000 protein-coding genes in Haploid human genome

Question:
9. Proteins
Answer:
Chains of amino acids

Question:
10. Phenotype
Answer:
The individual and its appearance/traits/characteristics

Question:
11. What is DNA replication?
Answer:
Info is transferred from one DNA molecule to another

Question:
12. What is transcription?
Answer:
Info is transferred from DNA to RNA molecule

Question:
13. What is translation?
Answer:
Info is transferred from RNA to a protein through a code that specifies the amino acid sequence

Question:
14. What cellular machinery is used for replication/transcription? Where are they located?
Answer:
DNA replication: DNA polymerase Transcription: RNA polymerase Both located in nucleus

Question:
15. What cellular machinery is used to make proteins in translation? Where are they located?
Answer:
-ribosomes are used
-located in cytoplasm

,Question:
16. Polypeptide chain
Answer:
Chain of amino acids

Question:
17. What are genes made of?
Answer:
DNA

Question:
18. Nucleotide
Answer:
The basic unit of DNA

Question:
19. What do nucleotides consist of?
Answer:
-nitrogenous bases
-phosphate sugars

Question:
20. What nitrogenous bases bind with each other? (DNA and RNA)
Answer:
DNA:
-A & T
-C & G
RNA:
-A & U
-C & G

Question:
21. Coding strand (4)
Answer:
-also called sense strand
-carries the gene that encodes the protein of interest (carries the genetic code)
-genetic code of a gene
-numbers at either end-specific directionality

Question:
22. Template strand (3)
Answer:
-also called antisense strand
-the complementary strand of the coding strand (think- the binding bases)
-numbers at either end-opposite to coding strand

, Question:
23. Codons (3)
Answer:
-3 nucleotides represent a codon
-every codon specifies an amino acid to be in the protein
-every gene starts with a start codon and ends with a stop codon

Question:
24. Directionality in DNA strands (2)
Answer:
-individual strands run in opposite directions
-start codons to stop codons run 5' to 3'

Question:
25. Explain transcription (5)
Answer:
-generates a complementary copy of coding DNA as RNA
-cellular machinery: RNA polymerase enzyme
-contains nucleotide U instead of T
-contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose

Question:
26. T/F: RNA is double stranded
Answer:
False-- RNA is single stranded

Question:
27. What is cell differentiation?
Answer:
What kind of cell it will turn into (ie a liver cell)

Question:
28. What is the importance of transcription? (3)
Answer:
-process of cell differentiation
-ability of certain genes to be activated/assigned or to be deactivated/oppressed

Question:
29. Zygote
Answer:
1 copy of mom's DNA, 1 copy of dad's

Question:
30. Mitosis (3)