TOPIC PRACTICE TEST • 2026/2027
D440
Therapeutic Diets
& Disease
100-Question Practice Test
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, GI disorders, liver and pancreatic conditions,
weight management, cancer, dysphagia, nutrition support, and clinical judgment.
100 A-D 100
Practice Questions Multiple Choice Immediate Explanations
Original study and revision material • Clean print-ready format
, D440 Therapeutic Diets & Disease
100 original questions with the answer and explanation immediately after every question.
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. The correct answer and detailed explanation appear
immediately after every item. Questions focus on disease-specific nutrition strategies, therapeutic diets, nutrition
support, safety, and clinical judgment.
Cardiovascular Disease & Hypertension
1 Which eating pattern is most consistent with nutrition therapy for hypertension?
A A very-low-fiber pattern with few plant foods
B A diet that emphasizes sugary beverages
C A diet centered on processed meats and salty snacks
D A DASH-style pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy
Answer: D. A DASH-style pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and
low-fat dairy
Explanation: DASH-style eating emphasizes potassium-, magnesium-, calcium-, and fiber-rich foods
while limiting excess sodium and saturated fat. This pattern can support blood-pressure control.
2 Which dietary change is most likely to help lower LDL cholesterol?
A Replace vegetables with refined grains
B Increase trans fat intake
C Replace some saturated fat with unsaturated fat
D Eliminate all dietary fiber
Answer: C. Replace some saturated fat with unsaturated fat
Explanation: Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from foods such as nuts, seeds, fish, and
plant oils can improve lipid profiles. Soluble fiber is also helpful for LDL reduction.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 2
, 3 A client with hypertension is comparing food labels. Which nutrient deserves
particular attention?
A Sodium
B Water
C Protein only
D Vitamin C
Answer: A. Sodium
Explanation: Many processed and packaged foods contain substantial sodium. Comparing sodium per
serving can help a client choose lower-sodium options and support blood-pressure goals.
4 Which food is a good source of soluble fiber that may support cholesterol
management?
A Oatmeal
B Butter
C Hard candy
D Bacon
Answer: A. Oatmeal
Explanation: Oats contain soluble fiber, which can bind bile acids and help reduce LDL cholesterol.
Beans, barley, apples, and some other plant foods also provide soluble fiber.
5 Which meal is most appropriate for a heart-healthy eating plan?
A Fried chicken, fries, and a large sugary drink
B Processed sausage, chips, and soda
C Baked salmon, brown rice, steamed vegetables, and fruit
D Pastry, bacon, and sweetened coffee
Answer: C. Baked salmon, brown rice, steamed vegetables, and fruit
Explanation: This meal provides lean protein, unsaturated fats, whole grains, produce, and fiber while
limiting saturated fat and sodium. Overall dietary pattern matters more than one isolated food.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 3
, 6 Why are trans fats especially undesirable in cardiovascular nutrition?
A They are required for vitamin C absorption
B They can raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol
C They consistently lower LDL cholesterol
D They are the main source of dietary fiber
Answer: B. They can raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol
Explanation: Industrial trans fats have adverse effects on blood lipids and cardiovascular risk.
Minimizing them supports a heart-healthy dietary pattern.
7 A client with heart failure has been prescribed a sodium restriction. Which choice
best supports the plan?
A Use canned soup as the main daily meal
B Add salt before tasting food
C Choose cured meats at most meals
D Season foods with herbs, spices, citrus, or salt-free blends
Answer: D. Season foods with herbs, spices, citrus, or salt-free blends
Explanation: Flavor can be maintained without relying heavily on sodium. Processed soups, cured
meats, and many convenience foods can contain large amounts of sodium.
8 Which dietary fat is generally preferred when replacing saturated fat?
A Large amounts of coconut oil
B Trans fat
C Monounsaturated fat
D Hydrogenated shortening
Answer: C. Monounsaturated fat
Explanation: Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are generally preferred replacements for
saturated fat. Common sources include olive oil, nuts, seeds, avocado, and fish.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 4
D440
Therapeutic Diets
& Disease
100-Question Practice Test
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, GI disorders, liver and pancreatic conditions,
weight management, cancer, dysphagia, nutrition support, and clinical judgment.
100 A-D 100
Practice Questions Multiple Choice Immediate Explanations
Original study and revision material • Clean print-ready format
, D440 Therapeutic Diets & Disease
100 original questions with the answer and explanation immediately after every question.
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. The correct answer and detailed explanation appear
immediately after every item. Questions focus on disease-specific nutrition strategies, therapeutic diets, nutrition
support, safety, and clinical judgment.
Cardiovascular Disease & Hypertension
1 Which eating pattern is most consistent with nutrition therapy for hypertension?
A A very-low-fiber pattern with few plant foods
B A diet that emphasizes sugary beverages
C A diet centered on processed meats and salty snacks
D A DASH-style pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy
Answer: D. A DASH-style pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and
low-fat dairy
Explanation: DASH-style eating emphasizes potassium-, magnesium-, calcium-, and fiber-rich foods
while limiting excess sodium and saturated fat. This pattern can support blood-pressure control.
2 Which dietary change is most likely to help lower LDL cholesterol?
A Replace vegetables with refined grains
B Increase trans fat intake
C Replace some saturated fat with unsaturated fat
D Eliminate all dietary fiber
Answer: C. Replace some saturated fat with unsaturated fat
Explanation: Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from foods such as nuts, seeds, fish, and
plant oils can improve lipid profiles. Soluble fiber is also helpful for LDL reduction.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 2
, 3 A client with hypertension is comparing food labels. Which nutrient deserves
particular attention?
A Sodium
B Water
C Protein only
D Vitamin C
Answer: A. Sodium
Explanation: Many processed and packaged foods contain substantial sodium. Comparing sodium per
serving can help a client choose lower-sodium options and support blood-pressure goals.
4 Which food is a good source of soluble fiber that may support cholesterol
management?
A Oatmeal
B Butter
C Hard candy
D Bacon
Answer: A. Oatmeal
Explanation: Oats contain soluble fiber, which can bind bile acids and help reduce LDL cholesterol.
Beans, barley, apples, and some other plant foods also provide soluble fiber.
5 Which meal is most appropriate for a heart-healthy eating plan?
A Fried chicken, fries, and a large sugary drink
B Processed sausage, chips, and soda
C Baked salmon, brown rice, steamed vegetables, and fruit
D Pastry, bacon, and sweetened coffee
Answer: C. Baked salmon, brown rice, steamed vegetables, and fruit
Explanation: This meal provides lean protein, unsaturated fats, whole grains, produce, and fiber while
limiting saturated fat and sodium. Overall dietary pattern matters more than one isolated food.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 3
, 6 Why are trans fats especially undesirable in cardiovascular nutrition?
A They are required for vitamin C absorption
B They can raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol
C They consistently lower LDL cholesterol
D They are the main source of dietary fiber
Answer: B. They can raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol
Explanation: Industrial trans fats have adverse effects on blood lipids and cardiovascular risk.
Minimizing them supports a heart-healthy dietary pattern.
7 A client with heart failure has been prescribed a sodium restriction. Which choice
best supports the plan?
A Use canned soup as the main daily meal
B Add salt before tasting food
C Choose cured meats at most meals
D Season foods with herbs, spices, citrus, or salt-free blends
Answer: D. Season foods with herbs, spices, citrus, or salt-free blends
Explanation: Flavor can be maintained without relying heavily on sodium. Processed soups, cured
meats, and many convenience foods can contain large amounts of sodium.
8 Which dietary fat is generally preferred when replacing saturated fat?
A Large amounts of coconut oil
B Trans fat
C Monounsaturated fat
D Hydrogenated shortening
Answer: C. Monounsaturated fat
Explanation: Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are generally preferred replacements for
saturated fat. Common sources include olive oil, nuts, seeds, avocado, and fish.
D440 • Therapeutic Diets & Disease • 100 Questions Page 4
