NURS- 3366 ( EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are the causes of alteration in cellular function?
Answer:
1) hypoxia = lack of oxygen
2) nutritional problems
3) electrolytes and other solutes
4) acid-base imbalance
5) fluid alteration
Question:
2. What is sequela of hypoxia?
Answer:
Anaerobic Glycolysis only occurs no kreb cycle leading to lack of ATP.
Question:
3. What are positive and negative side of anaerobic glycolysis?
Answer:
Positive = keeps body ongoing until oxygen is available by producing 2 molecules of ATP Negative = by
product of glycolysis ie pyruvate is not used therefore, Accumulates in body causes acidosis.
Question:
4. What is the normal PH of body?
Answer:
7.35-7.45
Question:
5. What are two main sequela of hypoxia?
Answer:
1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell cannot electrical functions
disrupting electrical impulse.
Question:
6. Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or negative?
Answer:
Negative
Question:
7. What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular function?
Answer:
1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
, Question:
8. What happens if we consume excess amount of glucose?
Answer:
If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin is released from pancrease
which distributes glucose to different cells on different part of the body. If the body Still has excess
glucose then Insulin helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
Question:
9. What happens if our body lacks glucose?
Answer:
Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory hormones are released such
as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we
still do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the process called glucogenolysis.
Question:
10. What happen if body lacks glycogen storage?
Answer:
If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by breaking down fats and
proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
Question:
11. What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis?
Answer:
The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the keto- acids. If our body produce large
number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain
cells.
Question:
12. What process occurs during hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory hormones.
Question:
13. What are glucose abnormalities disease?
Answer:
McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
Question:
14. What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s
Answer:
An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle glycogen (glycogenolysis) is
diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness& cramps during exercise due to no energy reserves.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are the causes of alteration in cellular function?
Answer:
1) hypoxia = lack of oxygen
2) nutritional problems
3) electrolytes and other solutes
4) acid-base imbalance
5) fluid alteration
Question:
2. What is sequela of hypoxia?
Answer:
Anaerobic Glycolysis only occurs no kreb cycle leading to lack of ATP.
Question:
3. What are positive and negative side of anaerobic glycolysis?
Answer:
Positive = keeps body ongoing until oxygen is available by producing 2 molecules of ATP Negative = by
product of glycolysis ie pyruvate is not used therefore, Accumulates in body causes acidosis.
Question:
4. What is the normal PH of body?
Answer:
7.35-7.45
Question:
5. What are two main sequela of hypoxia?
Answer:
1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell cannot electrical functions
disrupting electrical impulse.
Question:
6. Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or negative?
Answer:
Negative
Question:
7. What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular function?
Answer:
1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
, Question:
8. What happens if we consume excess amount of glucose?
Answer:
If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin is released from pancrease
which distributes glucose to different cells on different part of the body. If the body Still has excess
glucose then Insulin helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
Question:
9. What happens if our body lacks glucose?
Answer:
Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory hormones are released such
as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we
still do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the process called glucogenolysis.
Question:
10. What happen if body lacks glycogen storage?
Answer:
If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by breaking down fats and
proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
Question:
11. What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis?
Answer:
The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the keto- acids. If our body produce large
number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain
cells.
Question:
12. What process occurs during hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory hormones.
Question:
13. What are glucose abnormalities disease?
Answer:
McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
Question:
14. What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s
Answer:
An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle glycogen (glycogenolysis) is
diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness& cramps during exercise due to no energy reserves.
