N442 POPULATIONS EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

N442 POPULATIONS EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What are long-term signs and symptoms of the notifiable STDs
Answer:
Long-term S/S notifiable STDs - Sterility, Blindness, Bone deformities, Damage to major organs, Cancers
(cervical, vaginal, anal, esophageal), Pelvic inflammatory disease, Persistent flu-like symptoms, Ectopic
pregnancy

Question:
2. Compare and constrast endemics, epidemics, and pandemics.
Answer:
Endemics - the constant of usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or
geographic area Epidemics - Significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past
experience would have predicted for that place, time, or population; an increase in incidence beyond that
which is expected Pandemics - an epidemic that occurs worldwide

Question:
3. How do you break the chain of infection?
Answer:
Break chain of infection - frequent hand hygiene, staying up-to-date on vaccinations, covering
coughs/sneezes, staying home when sick, frequent cleaning, proper PPE

Question:
4. What are the parts of the chain of infection?
Answer:
Chain of infection: Agent - biologic agents capable of producing an infection; bacteria, virus,
fungiReservoir - environment ofr the agent; humans, animals, plants, insects, water, and soil Portal of Exit
- the way the agent leaves the reservoir; skin, respiratory tract, genital tract, conjunctiva, vertical
transmission (parent to offspring) Means of transmission - airborne, contact, droplet, indirect
(contaminated intermediate inanimate object) Portal of Entry - the way the agent enters the host; skin,
respiratory tract, genital tract, conjunctiva, vertical transmission (parent to offspring) Susceptible Host -
person or animal that is susceptible to the agent

Question:
5. What host factors are at an increased risk of contracting a disease?
Answer:
Host factors risks - age, sex, race, physical and emotional health, and immune status

Question:
6. What is the incubation period?
Answer:
Incubation period - the time between exposure to an infectious agent and the manifestation of symptoms

, Question:
7. Whom is a provider required to report diseases to?
Answer:
Report diseases to - State health departments

Question:
8. What are risk factors for acquiring a STD/STI?
Answer:
STD/STI acquiring risk factors - unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners

Question:
9. What are the steps of an outbreak investigation?
Answer:
Outbreak investigation steps:
1) Establish and verift diagnosis of reported cases; identify agent
2) Search for additional cases; coollect critical data and specimens
3) Characterize cases by person, place, and time
4) Formulate and test tentative hypotheses regarding possible causative factors
5) Implement control measures to control the outbreak
6) Evaluate efficacy of control measures
7) Communicate findings; prepare written report

Question:
10. What are the most common vector-borne diseases?
Answer:
Most common vector-borne diseases - Lyme disease, Rocky Mt. spotted fever, Malaria, West Nile virus,
Dengue fever

Question:
11. What are primary prevention strategies for infectious/communicable diseases?
Answer:
Primary prevention strategies infectious/communicable diseases - Health education programs,
immunizations/vaccinations

Question:
12. What are secondary prevention strategies for infectious/communicable diseases?
Answer:
Secondary prevention strategies infectious/communicable diseases - Screenings, verfiying immunization
status

Question:
13. What are the nationally notifiable diseases?
Answer:
Nationally notifiable diseases - Anthrax, Botulism, Cholera, Malaria, Typhoid fever, Yellow fever,
Measles, Rabies, Rubella, Smallpox