BMSC 208 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BMSC 208 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. what is the site of variable resistance in the respiratory system?
Answer:
Bronchioles

Question:
2. 4 primary functions of the respiratory system
Answer:
1. exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
2. homeostatic regulation of pH
3. Protection from inhaled pathogens and substances
4. vocalization

Question:
3. air exchange occurs by _______
Answer:
bulk flow

Question:
4. cellular respiration vs external respiration
Answer:
internal metabolism of glucose vs gas exchange between the body and environment

Question:
5. external respiration 4 step process
Answer:
-ventilation
-exchange II lung to blood
-transport of gases in the blood
-exchange III

Question:
6. which lung is bigger?
Answer:
Right lung because of cardiac notch on left lung

Question:
7. how do the lungs attach to the ribcage
Answer:
Pleura sac (cohesion): inside layer is visceral (touches lungs) and parietal pleura touches the inner wall of
the ribcage

,Question:
8. What does the pathway of air take
Answer:
mouth/nasal cavity-pharynx-larynx-trachea-primary bronchi-secondary bronchi and so on

Question:
9. bronchioles are made up of ______. As you go down, cartilage ________ and the amount of smooth
muscle ________.
Answer:
smooth muscle, decreases, increases

Question:
10. Upper airways are important for:
Answer:
warming air humidifying air filtering foreign material. Nasal breathing is preferred due to increased
surface area and lengthened path

Question:
11. saline is produced by_______ and mucus is produced by _______. Mucus lies on top of the saline
solution
Answer:
epithelial cells, goblet cells.

Question:
12. epithelial cells contain _______. which do_______?
Answer:
cilia. They push mucus towards the pharynx (mucocilliary escalator) cilia beats saline upward which pulls
on mucus upwards, without saline, cilia would become covered in thick mucus and unable to move.

Question:
13. The CFTR channel helps secrete mucus from epithelial cells, damage to these channels causes what
disease? What other location does this disease effect?
Answer:
cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cysts and fibrosis

Question:
14. 95% of surface area in lungs are______.
Answer:
type 1 alveolar cells

Question:
15. what do type II alveolar cells secrete?
Answer:
surfactant: this allows alveoli to stay more expanded because of reduced surface tension.

Question:
16. the pulmonary circulation is a low resistance system due to______.

,Answer:
smaller length to travel. (25/8 vs 120/80).

Question:
17. normal atmospheric pressure at sea level? and is gas a fluid?
Answer:
760. Yes!

Question:
18. Dalton's Law
Answer:
the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure exerted by each gas. (dependent
on humidity)

Question:
19. Boyle's Law
Answer:
P1V1=P2V2

Question:
20. tidal volume
Answer:
air exchange during quiet respiration

Question:
21. Lung Volumes and Capacities
Answer:
- TV= inspiration and expiration (ventilation) at rest
- TPV= TV*frequency of breaths
- IRV= the amount of air one could inspire beyond TV
- ERV= the amount of air one could expire beyond TV
- RV= the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration
- Total lung capacity: summation of everything
-Vital capacity: TV+IRV+ERV

Question:
22. sirpometery tacing
Answer:
If you're completely empty, bronchioles would close (if small airways close, the pressure decrease, and it
requires a lot of pressure to open them up again. But things like the trachea wont close due to cartilage

, Question:
23. For a pulmonary function test, know the difference between normal, restrictive and obstructive forced
vital capacity curves.
Answer:

Question:
24. Inspiration occurs when alveolar pressure______. How do we do this?
Answer:
Decreases. With our inspiratory muscles, we must increase the volume which decreases pressure.

Question:
25. Inspiratory muscles
Answer:
diaphragm and external intercostals
Forced: scalene and SCM.

Question:
26. External intercostals of upper ribs and scalene attach to sternum to make a "____________" motion.
external intercostals attach to lower ribs to create a "____________" motion.
Answer:
Pump handle. bucket handle. (during inspiration the ribs elevate.

Question:
27. muscles of forced inspiration
Answer:
-SCM
- Neck and back muscles
-upper respiratory muscles

Question:
28. muscles of forced expiration
Answer:
-abdominal muscles
-internal intercostals and triangularis sterni
-neck and back muscles