• ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
ETS SLP PRAXIS 1 (FORM 1-3) TEST BANK
NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
370 QUESTIONS A, Exams of Psychology
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
If a child's language exhibits the phonological process of gliding, the child might say [wɛd] for "red." When
asked, "Do you mean wed?" the child may respond, "No! [wɛd]!" Such a response demonstrates which of the
following?
P 1
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
A.Phonological development lags behind semantic development.
B.Semantic development lags behind phonological development.
C.Linguistic competence lags behind linguistic performance.
D.Linguistic performance lags behind linguistic competence. –
Correct Answer :Option (D) is correct. Linguistic performance typically lags behind linguistic competence.
Of the following sentences, which represents the greatest degree of syntactic complexity?
A.Is John helping Bill?
B.Why isn't John helping Bill?
C.John isn't helping Bill.
D.Why is John helping Bill? –
Correct Answer :Option (B) is correct. The sentence involves inversion, adding negation, and adding a question
word, so with three transformations, this option has the greatest degree of syntactic complexity.
Establishment of which of the following is most important in ensuring that the results of any diagnostic test of
speech or language are replicable?
A.Content validity
B.Interjudge reliability
C.Split-half reliability
D.Face validity –
Correct Answer :Option (B) is correct. A test that has interjudge reliability is one whose results are replicable,
even if different people administer the test.
P 2
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
Linguistic approaches to the treatment of sound-production errors in children are based on the notion that the
errors are systematic and rule-based and that the goal of treatment is to modify a child's rule system to
approximate the rule system used by adults. Which of the following is a treatment objective that reflects a
linguistic approach to treatment?
A.The child will contrast alveolar stops with velar stops in meaningful word pairs.
B.The child will produce voiceless alveolar sibilants correctly in unstructured conversation.
C.The child will coarticulate stop plus liquid clusters as easily as other children of the same age.
D.The child will recognize and identify phonetic distortions of his or her error sound –
Correct Answer :Option (A) is correct. The objective refers to speech sounds in terms of general distinctive-
feature classes, rather than in terms of isolated phonemes or overly specific classifications.
Which of the following is the most reasonable standard to apply when judging whether a client has achieved
generalization of a targeted skill?
A.The client uses the targeted skill under stimulus conditions that were not present during the training process
and without reinforcement.
B.The client maintains the correct production of the targeted skill when the reinforcement schedule is changed.
C.The client correctly produces the targeted skill effortlessly and without hesitation.
D.The client is able to monitor errors and correct them with only a minimal number of cues from the clinician. –
Correct Answer :Option (A) is correct. When judging whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted
skill it is a reasonable standard to apply. It shows that the client is exhibiting the skill independently in situations
not covered during training.
A child who is 4 years and 4 months old is referred for assessment of speech sound development, with the
following results.
Phonological error pattern Sounds in error Error frequency (# of errors/# of opportunities to produce error)
P 3
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
Stopping Observed only on ð 85%
Fronting /k/ → [t]
/g/ → [d]
/ng/ → [n] 90%
100%
20%
Gliding /r/ → [w] 100%
Final consonant deletion Obstruents à null 80% (The only phonemes the child used correctly in the word-final
position were /n, m/.)
Epenthesis Insertion of ə into stop /s/ clusters 10%
Which of the following phonological error patterns is most appropriate to address in a treatment program?
Select all that apply.
A.Stopping
B.Fronting
C.Gliding
D.Final consonant deletion
E.Epenthesis –
Correct Answer :Options (B) and (D) are correct. Fronting and final consonant deletion should be suppressed
earlier, as they make the biggest difference in intelligibility.
Which of the following indicates the goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ?
A.To ensure a patient's privacy and confidentiality of health-care information
B.To maximize health insurance coverage for speech-language pathology services
C.To ensure a free and appropriate education
P 4
EXAM
ETS SLP PRAXIS 1 (FORM 1-3) TEST BANK
NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
370 QUESTIONS A, Exams of Psychology
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
If a child's language exhibits the phonological process of gliding, the child might say [wɛd] for "red." When
asked, "Do you mean wed?" the child may respond, "No! [wɛd]!" Such a response demonstrates which of the
following?
P 1
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
A.Phonological development lags behind semantic development.
B.Semantic development lags behind phonological development.
C.Linguistic competence lags behind linguistic performance.
D.Linguistic performance lags behind linguistic competence. –
Correct Answer :Option (D) is correct. Linguistic performance typically lags behind linguistic competence.
Of the following sentences, which represents the greatest degree of syntactic complexity?
A.Is John helping Bill?
B.Why isn't John helping Bill?
C.John isn't helping Bill.
D.Why is John helping Bill? –
Correct Answer :Option (B) is correct. The sentence involves inversion, adding negation, and adding a question
word, so with three transformations, this option has the greatest degree of syntactic complexity.
Establishment of which of the following is most important in ensuring that the results of any diagnostic test of
speech or language are replicable?
A.Content validity
B.Interjudge reliability
C.Split-half reliability
D.Face validity –
Correct Answer :Option (B) is correct. A test that has interjudge reliability is one whose results are replicable,
even if different people administer the test.
P 2
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
Linguistic approaches to the treatment of sound-production errors in children are based on the notion that the
errors are systematic and rule-based and that the goal of treatment is to modify a child's rule system to
approximate the rule system used by adults. Which of the following is a treatment objective that reflects a
linguistic approach to treatment?
A.The child will contrast alveolar stops with velar stops in meaningful word pairs.
B.The child will produce voiceless alveolar sibilants correctly in unstructured conversation.
C.The child will coarticulate stop plus liquid clusters as easily as other children of the same age.
D.The child will recognize and identify phonetic distortions of his or her error sound –
Correct Answer :Option (A) is correct. The objective refers to speech sounds in terms of general distinctive-
feature classes, rather than in terms of isolated phonemes or overly specific classifications.
Which of the following is the most reasonable standard to apply when judging whether a client has achieved
generalization of a targeted skill?
A.The client uses the targeted skill under stimulus conditions that were not present during the training process
and without reinforcement.
B.The client maintains the correct production of the targeted skill when the reinforcement schedule is changed.
C.The client correctly produces the targeted skill effortlessly and without hesitation.
D.The client is able to monitor errors and correct them with only a minimal number of cues from the clinician. –
Correct Answer :Option (A) is correct. When judging whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted
skill it is a reasonable standard to apply. It shows that the client is exhibiting the skill independently in situations
not covered during training.
A child who is 4 years and 4 months old is referred for assessment of speech sound development, with the
following results.
Phonological error pattern Sounds in error Error frequency (# of errors/# of opportunities to produce error)
P 3
, • ETS SLP PRAXIS 09/07/2026
EXAM
Stopping Observed only on ð 85%
Fronting /k/ → [t]
/g/ → [d]
/ng/ → [n] 90%
100%
20%
Gliding /r/ → [w] 100%
Final consonant deletion Obstruents à null 80% (The only phonemes the child used correctly in the word-final
position were /n, m/.)
Epenthesis Insertion of ə into stop /s/ clusters 10%
Which of the following phonological error patterns is most appropriate to address in a treatment program?
Select all that apply.
A.Stopping
B.Fronting
C.Gliding
D.Final consonant deletion
E.Epenthesis –
Correct Answer :Options (B) and (D) are correct. Fronting and final consonant deletion should be suppressed
earlier, as they make the biggest difference in intelligibility.
Which of the following indicates the goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ?
A.To ensure a patient's privacy and confidentiality of health-care information
B.To maximize health insurance coverage for speech-language pathology services
C.To ensure a free and appropriate education
P 4
