NSG./533./Opioid./Quiz
1. Endogenous./opioid./peptides:./Small./molecules./that./are./naturally./produced./in./the./CNS./and./in./vari
ous./glands./throughout./the./body,./such./as./the./pituitary./and./adrenal./glands../Consists./of./endorphins,./enkephalins,./dyn
orphins,./and./nociceptins.
2. Mechanism./of./action./for./opioids:./Stimulating./opioid./u-
receptors./in./the./CNS../Pure./agonists./(morphine)./bind./to./u-
receptors./to./produce./analgesia./that./increases./with./dose./without./a./ceiling./ettect../Partial./agonists./at./the./u-
receptor./(Buprenorphine,./tramadol)./cause./less./conformational./change./and./receptor./activation./than./full
agonists.
3. Indications./for./initiating./opioid./therapy:./Used./when./benefits./outweigh./risks./associated./with./
opioids./such./as./abuse../Used./for./acute./pain./(including./post-surgical)./from./under./a./month,./and./chronic./pain.
4. Tolerance:. / the./diminishing./ettect./with./regular./use./of./the./same./dose./of./a./drug,./requiring./the./user./to./take./larger./
and./larger./doses./before./experiencing./the./drug's./ettect
5. Dependence:./the./condition./that./results./when./the./brain./develops./a./chemical./need./for./a./drug./and./cannot./f
unction./normally./without./it
6. Addiction:./A./physiological./or./psychological./dependence./on./a./drug
7. Neuralgia:. / nerve./pain
8. Analgesia:. / Pain./relief;./inability./to./feel./pain
9. Allodynia:./Pain./due./to./a./stimulus./that./does./not./normally./provoke./pain
10. When./to./initiate./long-acting./opioids:./If./the./short-
acting./opioids./are./not./working./as./well./in./chronic./pain./or./end-of-
life./pain,./or./the./patient./feels./as./though./their./regular./dose./is./not./as./ettective.
11. Abuse./deterrent./opioids:./Designed./to./prevent./these./altered./routes./of./administration,./while./retaining./
eflcacy./with./oral./administration./for./legitimate./pain./relief../Hydrocodone,./oxycontin
12. Breakthrough./ pain./ management:. / Adjuvant./medications,./immediate-
release./opioids./if./necessary
13. How./should./a./proper./dose./of./opioid./be./determined:./Convert./each./dose./of./opioid./to./
MME./by./multiplying./the./daily./dosage./for./each./opioid./by./its./conversion./factor.
14. Neuropathic./pain./management:./Gabapentin./or./pregabalin,./transdermal./lidocaine,./TCA's,./SNRI's.
/(Duloxetine),./generally./no./opioids..
15. Adjunct./and./"other"./medications./to./manage./pain:./Acetaminophen,./NSAIDs./(if./can./be./
tolerated),./gabapentin,./pregabalin,./duloxetine,./lidocaine,./anticonvulsants,./corticosteroids
16. Recommended./guidelines./for./prescribing./opioids:. / Prescribe./at./the./lowest./ettective./dose,.
1. Endogenous./opioid./peptides:./Small./molecules./that./are./naturally./produced./in./the./CNS./and./in./vari
ous./glands./throughout./the./body,./such./as./the./pituitary./and./adrenal./glands../Consists./of./endorphins,./enkephalins,./dyn
orphins,./and./nociceptins.
2. Mechanism./of./action./for./opioids:./Stimulating./opioid./u-
receptors./in./the./CNS../Pure./agonists./(morphine)./bind./to./u-
receptors./to./produce./analgesia./that./increases./with./dose./without./a./ceiling./ettect../Partial./agonists./at./the./u-
receptor./(Buprenorphine,./tramadol)./cause./less./conformational./change./and./receptor./activation./than./full
agonists.
3. Indications./for./initiating./opioid./therapy:./Used./when./benefits./outweigh./risks./associated./with./
opioids./such./as./abuse../Used./for./acute./pain./(including./post-surgical)./from./under./a./month,./and./chronic./pain.
4. Tolerance:. / the./diminishing./ettect./with./regular./use./of./the./same./dose./of./a./drug,./requiring./the./user./to./take./larger./
and./larger./doses./before./experiencing./the./drug's./ettect
5. Dependence:./the./condition./that./results./when./the./brain./develops./a./chemical./need./for./a./drug./and./cannot./f
unction./normally./without./it
6. Addiction:./A./physiological./or./psychological./dependence./on./a./drug
7. Neuralgia:. / nerve./pain
8. Analgesia:. / Pain./relief;./inability./to./feel./pain
9. Allodynia:./Pain./due./to./a./stimulus./that./does./not./normally./provoke./pain
10. When./to./initiate./long-acting./opioids:./If./the./short-
acting./opioids./are./not./working./as./well./in./chronic./pain./or./end-of-
life./pain,./or./the./patient./feels./as./though./their./regular./dose./is./not./as./ettective.
11. Abuse./deterrent./opioids:./Designed./to./prevent./these./altered./routes./of./administration,./while./retaining./
eflcacy./with./oral./administration./for./legitimate./pain./relief../Hydrocodone,./oxycontin
12. Breakthrough./ pain./ management:. / Adjuvant./medications,./immediate-
release./opioids./if./necessary
13. How./should./a./proper./dose./of./opioid./be./determined:./Convert./each./dose./of./opioid./to./
MME./by./multiplying./the./daily./dosage./for./each./opioid./by./its./conversion./factor.
14. Neuropathic./pain./management:./Gabapentin./or./pregabalin,./transdermal./lidocaine,./TCA's,./SNRI's.
/(Duloxetine),./generally./no./opioids..
15. Adjunct./and./"other"./medications./to./manage./pain:./Acetaminophen,./NSAIDs./(if./can./be./
tolerated),./gabapentin,./pregabalin,./duloxetine,./lidocaine,./anticonvulsants,./corticosteroids
16. Recommended./guidelines./for./prescribing./opioids:. / Prescribe./at./the./lowest./ettective./dose,.
