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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
E! E! E! E! E!
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
E! E! E!
MULTIPLE CHOICE E !
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
!pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
!malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. a sore throat. E! E!
b. streptococcal infection. E!
c. genetic susceptibility. E!
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B E !
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
manifestation of the disease process.
E! E! E! E! E!
2. A 17-year-old college-
E! E!
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
example of E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: A E !
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E!
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
E ! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E! E ! E !
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
E! E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: B E !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
intake. This is an example of
E ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: B E !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
E!such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E !
isease once it has developed. E ! E ! E! E!
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
lowering medication. This is an example ofE ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: C E !
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invol
E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ves management of the disease once it has developed.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B E !
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
7. A E! disease that is native to a particular region is called
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B E !
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease tha
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
t spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large g
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
eographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
distribution pattern. E!
8. In E! general, with aging, organ size and function
E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. E! E!
d. are unknown.E!
ANS: B E !
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
established, is referred to as
E ! E! E! E! E!
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B E !
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E ! E
!or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical oper
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE E !
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
(Select all that apply.) E! E! E!
a. gender difference. E!
b. situational factors. E!
c. normal variation. E!
d. cultural variation. E!
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E E ! E! E! E!
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E !
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. E!
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
E! E! E! E! E!
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
E! E! E!
MULTIPLE CHOICE E !
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
!pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
!malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. a sore throat. E! E!
b. streptococcal infection. E!
c. genetic susceptibility. E!
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B E !
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
manifestation of the disease process.
E! E! E! E! E!
2. A 17-year-old college-
E! E!
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
example of E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: A E !
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E!
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
E ! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E! E ! E !
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
E! E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: B E !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
intake. This is an example of
E ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: B E !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
E!such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E !
isease once it has developed. E ! E ! E! E!
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
lowering medication. This is an example ofE ! E! E! E! E! E!
a. primary prevention. E!
b. secondary prevention. E!
c. tertiary prevention. E!
d. disease treatment. E!
ANS: C E !
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invol
E! E! E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ves management of the disease once it has developed.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B E !
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
7. A E! disease that is native to a particular region is called
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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n
$103G! perG! month
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G! TheG! MarketplaceG! toG! BuyG! andG! SellG! yourG! StudyG! Material
ANS: B E !
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease tha
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
t spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large g
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
eographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
distribution pattern. E!
8. In E! general, with aging, organ size and function
E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. E! E!
d. are unknown.E!
ANS: B E !
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
established, is referred to as
E ! E! E! E! E!
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B E !
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
E ! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E !
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E ! E
!or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical oper
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
ation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE E !
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
(Select all that apply.) E! E! E!
a. gender difference. E!
b. situational factors. E!
c. normal variation. E!
d. cultural variation. E!
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E E ! E! E! E!
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
! E ! E ! E! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E ! E !
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E! E!
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. E!
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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n
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