,Verified PSYC 140 Module 8 Exam - Developmental
(Lifespan) Psychology - Portage - Latest 26/27
(PDF)
1. According to the module, late adulthood begins in approximately which decade of life?
A) 40s
B) 50s
C) 60s
D) 70s
Correct Answer: C) 60s
Rationale: Late adulthood begins in one's 60s and is the longest period in the lifespan. It encompasses
significant physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. Options A and B occur during middle
adulthood, and D represents a later sub-stage of late adulthood.
2. Which of the following best defines primary aging?
A) Aging caused by lifestyle choices and environmental factors
B) Biological and genetically influenced aging that is unavoidable
C) Aging that results from disease processes
D) Aging that can be completely reversed with medical intervention
Correct Answer: B) Biological and genetically influenced aging that is unavoidable
Rationale: Primary aging refers to the biological and genetically influenced changes that occur as a
natural part of aging, which are unavoidable. Secondary aging (A, C) is caused by lifestyle and
environmental factors, and primary aging cannot be reversed (D).
3. Which of the following best defines secondary aging?
A) Biological aging caused by genes
B) Aging that is unavoidable
C) Aging caused by lifestyle choices, disease, and environmental factors
D) Aging that only affects cognitive function
Correct Answer: C) Aging caused by lifestyle choices, disease, and environmental factors
,Rationale: Secondary aging results from external factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental
exposures, and disease processes. Unlike primary aging (A, B), secondary aging is potentially
preventable or modifiable. It affects multiple domains, not just cognition (D).
4. A 70-year-old woman who exercises regularly, eats a balanced diet, and avoids smoking is primarily
reducing her risk of which type of aging?
A) Primary aging
B) Secondary aging
C) Cellular aging
D) Genetic aging
Correct Answer: B) Secondary aging
Rationale: Secondary aging is caused by lifestyle choices and environmental factors. Healthy behaviors
can reduce the impact of secondary aging. Primary aging (A) is genetically influenced and unavoidable,
cellular aging (C) is a component of primary aging, and genetic aging (D) is not a standard term.
5. Which of the following individuals is NOT in late adulthood?
A) 60-year-old man
B) 85-year-old woman
C) 55-year-old man
D) 72-year-old woman
Correct Answer: C) 55-year-old man
Rationale: Late adulthood begins in one's 60s. A 55-year-old is in middle adulthood, not late
adulthood. Options A, B, and D are all individuals aged 60 or older and are therefore in late adulthood.
6. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the crisis of late adulthood is:
A) Generativity vs. stagnation
B) Intimacy vs. isolation
C) Integrity vs. despair
D) Identity vs. role confusion
Correct Answer: C) Integrity vs. despair
, Rationale: Erikson's eighth and final psychosocial stage is Integrity vs. Despair, which occurs in late
adulthood. Generativity vs. stagnation (A) is middle adulthood, intimacy vs. isolation (B) is early
adulthood, and identity vs. role confusion (D) is adolescence.
7. Successful resolution of Erikson's integrity vs. despair crisis results in:
A) A sense of competence
B) A sense of love
C) A sense of wisdom and acceptance
D) A sense of purpose
Correct Answer: C) A sense of wisdom and acceptance
Rationale: Successful resolution of integrity vs. despair yields wisdom and acceptance of one's life as it
was lived. Competence (A) comes from industry vs. inferiority, love (B) from intimacy vs. isolation, and
purpose (D) from generativity vs. stagnation.
8. A person who looks back on life with regret and feels they have failed to achieve their goals is
experiencing which Eriksonian outcome?
A) Stagnation
B) Despair
C) Isolation
D) Role confusion
Correct Answer: B) Despair
Rationale: Despair is the negative outcome of Erikson's eighth stage, characterized by regret and a
sense of failure. Stagnation (A) is from generativity vs. stagnation, isolation (B) from intimacy vs.
isolation, and role confusion (D) from identity vs. role confusion.
9. Which socioemotional theory of aging suggests that older adults should gradually withdraw from
society to prepare for death?
A) Activity theory
B) Selective optimization with compensation
C) Disengagement theory
D) Life events model
Correct Answer: C) Disengagement theory
(Lifespan) Psychology - Portage - Latest 26/27
(PDF)
1. According to the module, late adulthood begins in approximately which decade of life?
A) 40s
B) 50s
C) 60s
D) 70s
Correct Answer: C) 60s
Rationale: Late adulthood begins in one's 60s and is the longest period in the lifespan. It encompasses
significant physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. Options A and B occur during middle
adulthood, and D represents a later sub-stage of late adulthood.
2. Which of the following best defines primary aging?
A) Aging caused by lifestyle choices and environmental factors
B) Biological and genetically influenced aging that is unavoidable
C) Aging that results from disease processes
D) Aging that can be completely reversed with medical intervention
Correct Answer: B) Biological and genetically influenced aging that is unavoidable
Rationale: Primary aging refers to the biological and genetically influenced changes that occur as a
natural part of aging, which are unavoidable. Secondary aging (A, C) is caused by lifestyle and
environmental factors, and primary aging cannot be reversed (D).
3. Which of the following best defines secondary aging?
A) Biological aging caused by genes
B) Aging that is unavoidable
C) Aging caused by lifestyle choices, disease, and environmental factors
D) Aging that only affects cognitive function
Correct Answer: C) Aging caused by lifestyle choices, disease, and environmental factors
,Rationale: Secondary aging results from external factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental
exposures, and disease processes. Unlike primary aging (A, B), secondary aging is potentially
preventable or modifiable. It affects multiple domains, not just cognition (D).
4. A 70-year-old woman who exercises regularly, eats a balanced diet, and avoids smoking is primarily
reducing her risk of which type of aging?
A) Primary aging
B) Secondary aging
C) Cellular aging
D) Genetic aging
Correct Answer: B) Secondary aging
Rationale: Secondary aging is caused by lifestyle choices and environmental factors. Healthy behaviors
can reduce the impact of secondary aging. Primary aging (A) is genetically influenced and unavoidable,
cellular aging (C) is a component of primary aging, and genetic aging (D) is not a standard term.
5. Which of the following individuals is NOT in late adulthood?
A) 60-year-old man
B) 85-year-old woman
C) 55-year-old man
D) 72-year-old woman
Correct Answer: C) 55-year-old man
Rationale: Late adulthood begins in one's 60s. A 55-year-old is in middle adulthood, not late
adulthood. Options A, B, and D are all individuals aged 60 or older and are therefore in late adulthood.
6. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the crisis of late adulthood is:
A) Generativity vs. stagnation
B) Intimacy vs. isolation
C) Integrity vs. despair
D) Identity vs. role confusion
Correct Answer: C) Integrity vs. despair
, Rationale: Erikson's eighth and final psychosocial stage is Integrity vs. Despair, which occurs in late
adulthood. Generativity vs. stagnation (A) is middle adulthood, intimacy vs. isolation (B) is early
adulthood, and identity vs. role confusion (D) is adolescence.
7. Successful resolution of Erikson's integrity vs. despair crisis results in:
A) A sense of competence
B) A sense of love
C) A sense of wisdom and acceptance
D) A sense of purpose
Correct Answer: C) A sense of wisdom and acceptance
Rationale: Successful resolution of integrity vs. despair yields wisdom and acceptance of one's life as it
was lived. Competence (A) comes from industry vs. inferiority, love (B) from intimacy vs. isolation, and
purpose (D) from generativity vs. stagnation.
8. A person who looks back on life with regret and feels they have failed to achieve their goals is
experiencing which Eriksonian outcome?
A) Stagnation
B) Despair
C) Isolation
D) Role confusion
Correct Answer: B) Despair
Rationale: Despair is the negative outcome of Erikson's eighth stage, characterized by regret and a
sense of failure. Stagnation (A) is from generativity vs. stagnation, isolation (B) from intimacy vs.
isolation, and role confusion (D) from identity vs. role confusion.
9. Which socioemotional theory of aging suggests that older adults should gradually withdraw from
society to prepare for death?
A) Activity theory
B) Selective optimization with compensation
C) Disengagement theory
D) Life events model
Correct Answer: C) Disengagement theory
