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NUR 231 EXAM 4 – 2026 GALEN MATERNAL NURSING
COMPLETE (110) CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
NUR
Prepare for the NUR 231 Exam 4 – Galen Maternal Nursing with this comprehensive
practice resource designed to strengthen your maternal nursing knowledge and exam
readiness. It features exam-style questions covering pregnancy, labor and delivery,
postpartum care, newborn assessment, maternal complications, fetal monitoring,
patient education, and evidence-based nursing interventions. Use it to reinforce
essential concepts, assess your understanding, and build confidence before test day.
An excellent study aid for Galen nursing students preparing for the NUR 231 Maternal
Nursing Exam 4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
SECTION 1: PEDIATRIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (Questions 1–20)
Question 1: Which population has the highest risk for urinary tract infections
(UTIs) in the first 2 years of life?
A. Infant females who are circumcised
B. Infant males who are uncircumcised
C. Infant females who are formula-fed
D. Infant males who are breastfed
Correct answer: B. Infant males who are uncircumcised
Rationale: Infant males older than 3 months who are uncircumcised have the
highest chance of UTIs during the first 2 years of life. Uncircumcised males
have a higher risk of bacterial colonization under the foreskin .
Question 2: A febrile UTI in a child under 2 years of age is considered a:
A. Lower tract infection
B. Uncomplicated infection
C. Upper tract infection
D. Persistent infection
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Correct answer: C. Upper tract infection
Rationale: Febrile UTIs (with fever) in young children typically indicate upper
tract involvement, such as pyelonephritis. Upper tract infections involve the
renal parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters, while lower tract infections usually
lack systemic symptoms .
Question 3: Which condition is classified as an upper urinary tract infection?
A. Cystitis
B. Urethritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Inflammation of the bladder
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that involves the renal
parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters. Cystitis (bladder inflammation) and
urethritis (urethral inflammation) are lower urinary tract infections that
typically lack systemic symptoms .
Question 4: A complicated urinary tract infection is characterized by:
A. Occurrence in an otherwise normal urinary tract
B. Structural defects such as stones, obstruction, or catheters
C. Only occurring in male patients
D. Always presenting with fever
Correct answer: B. Structural defects such as stones, obstruction, or
catheters
Rationale: Complicated UTIs occur in the presence of structural defects
(stones, obstruction), catheters, diabetes, neurologic disease, or recurrent
infections. Uncomplicated UTIs happen in otherwise normal urinary tracts .
Question 5: A UTI in which the original infection is not adequately eradicated,
leading to repeated episodes, is classified as:
A. Persistent infection
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B. Recurrent infection
C. Unresolved bacteriuria
D. Febrile UTI
Correct answer: B. Recurrent infection
Rationale: Recurrent infections are repeated episodes of infection in a person
whose prior infection was successfully eradicated. Persistent infections
involve bacteriuria despite antibodies, often due to resistance or a foreign
body serving as a bacterial anchor .
Question 6: A child with a UTI who develops resistance to antibiotics or has a
foreign body serving as a bacterial anchor has which type of infection?
A. Recurrent infection
B. Unresolved bacteriuria
C. Persistent infection
D. Febrile UTI
Correct answer: C. Persistent infection
Rationale: Persistent infections involve bacteriuria despite antibodies. This
occurs when resistance develops or a foreign body in the urinary system
serves as a harbor and anchor for bacteria to survive despite therapy. Follow-
up cultures are important .
Question 7: Clinical signs of cystitis and urethritis in children include all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Dysuria
B. Frequency of urination every 2 hours
C. Flank pain and fever
D. Suprapubic discomfort
Correct answer: C. Flank pain and fever
Rationale: Flank pain, chills, and fever indicate infection of the upper tract
(pyelonephritis). Lower tract infections like cystitis and urethritis typically
present with dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort without
systemic symptoms .
, Page 4 of 41
Question 8: A child with a UTI who is non-verbal should be assessed for:
A. Verbal complaints of pain
B. Uncomfortable movements and restlessness
C. Increased appetite
D. Decreased sleep
Correct answer: B. Uncomfortable movements and restlessness
Rationale: For non-verbal patients, observe for signs of discomfort such as
moving around, restlessness, or facial expressions indicating pain. These
behavioral cues are important for assessment in young children who cannot
verbalize symptoms .
Question 9: In a febrile child with an unknown origin of fever, what is the
appropriate workup to determine the cause?
A. Blood cultures only
B. Urinary and blood cultures
C. Chest X-ray only
D. Complete blood count only
Correct answer: B. Urinary and blood cultures
Rationale: A child with a fever of unknown origin (FUO) should undergo a
septic workup including both urinary and blood cultures. This helps identify
the location of bacteria to guide appropriate antibiotic treatment .
Question 10: In neonates, clinical signs of UTI include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Poor feeding and vomiting
B. Failure to gain weight
C. Increased appetite
D. Jaundice and dehydration
Correct answer: C. Increased appetite
Rationale: Neonatal UTI signs include poor feeding and vomiting, failure to
NUR 231 EXAM 4 – 2026 GALEN MATERNAL NURSING
COMPLETE (110) CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
NUR
Prepare for the NUR 231 Exam 4 – Galen Maternal Nursing with this comprehensive
practice resource designed to strengthen your maternal nursing knowledge and exam
readiness. It features exam-style questions covering pregnancy, labor and delivery,
postpartum care, newborn assessment, maternal complications, fetal monitoring,
patient education, and evidence-based nursing interventions. Use it to reinforce
essential concepts, assess your understanding, and build confidence before test day.
An excellent study aid for Galen nursing students preparing for the NUR 231 Maternal
Nursing Exam 4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
SECTION 1: PEDIATRIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (Questions 1–20)
Question 1: Which population has the highest risk for urinary tract infections
(UTIs) in the first 2 years of life?
A. Infant females who are circumcised
B. Infant males who are uncircumcised
C. Infant females who are formula-fed
D. Infant males who are breastfed
Correct answer: B. Infant males who are uncircumcised
Rationale: Infant males older than 3 months who are uncircumcised have the
highest chance of UTIs during the first 2 years of life. Uncircumcised males
have a higher risk of bacterial colonization under the foreskin .
Question 2: A febrile UTI in a child under 2 years of age is considered a:
A. Lower tract infection
B. Uncomplicated infection
C. Upper tract infection
D. Persistent infection
, Page 2 of 41
Correct answer: C. Upper tract infection
Rationale: Febrile UTIs (with fever) in young children typically indicate upper
tract involvement, such as pyelonephritis. Upper tract infections involve the
renal parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters, while lower tract infections usually
lack systemic symptoms .
Question 3: Which condition is classified as an upper urinary tract infection?
A. Cystitis
B. Urethritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Inflammation of the bladder
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that involves the renal
parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters. Cystitis (bladder inflammation) and
urethritis (urethral inflammation) are lower urinary tract infections that
typically lack systemic symptoms .
Question 4: A complicated urinary tract infection is characterized by:
A. Occurrence in an otherwise normal urinary tract
B. Structural defects such as stones, obstruction, or catheters
C. Only occurring in male patients
D. Always presenting with fever
Correct answer: B. Structural defects such as stones, obstruction, or
catheters
Rationale: Complicated UTIs occur in the presence of structural defects
(stones, obstruction), catheters, diabetes, neurologic disease, or recurrent
infections. Uncomplicated UTIs happen in otherwise normal urinary tracts .
Question 5: A UTI in which the original infection is not adequately eradicated,
leading to repeated episodes, is classified as:
A. Persistent infection
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B. Recurrent infection
C. Unresolved bacteriuria
D. Febrile UTI
Correct answer: B. Recurrent infection
Rationale: Recurrent infections are repeated episodes of infection in a person
whose prior infection was successfully eradicated. Persistent infections
involve bacteriuria despite antibodies, often due to resistance or a foreign
body serving as a bacterial anchor .
Question 6: A child with a UTI who develops resistance to antibiotics or has a
foreign body serving as a bacterial anchor has which type of infection?
A. Recurrent infection
B. Unresolved bacteriuria
C. Persistent infection
D. Febrile UTI
Correct answer: C. Persistent infection
Rationale: Persistent infections involve bacteriuria despite antibodies. This
occurs when resistance develops or a foreign body in the urinary system
serves as a harbor and anchor for bacteria to survive despite therapy. Follow-
up cultures are important .
Question 7: Clinical signs of cystitis and urethritis in children include all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Dysuria
B. Frequency of urination every 2 hours
C. Flank pain and fever
D. Suprapubic discomfort
Correct answer: C. Flank pain and fever
Rationale: Flank pain, chills, and fever indicate infection of the upper tract
(pyelonephritis). Lower tract infections like cystitis and urethritis typically
present with dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort without
systemic symptoms .
, Page 4 of 41
Question 8: A child with a UTI who is non-verbal should be assessed for:
A. Verbal complaints of pain
B. Uncomfortable movements and restlessness
C. Increased appetite
D. Decreased sleep
Correct answer: B. Uncomfortable movements and restlessness
Rationale: For non-verbal patients, observe for signs of discomfort such as
moving around, restlessness, or facial expressions indicating pain. These
behavioral cues are important for assessment in young children who cannot
verbalize symptoms .
Question 9: In a febrile child with an unknown origin of fever, what is the
appropriate workup to determine the cause?
A. Blood cultures only
B. Urinary and blood cultures
C. Chest X-ray only
D. Complete blood count only
Correct answer: B. Urinary and blood cultures
Rationale: A child with a fever of unknown origin (FUO) should undergo a
septic workup including both urinary and blood cultures. This helps identify
the location of bacteria to guide appropriate antibiotic treatment .
Question 10: In neonates, clinical signs of UTI include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Poor feeding and vomiting
B. Failure to gain weight
C. Increased appetite
D. Jaundice and dehydration
Correct answer: C. Increased appetite
Rationale: Neonatal UTI signs include poor feeding and vomiting, failure to
