KAISER EKG 2026 CARDIAC RHYTHM
INTERPRETATION REVIEW PAPER ANSWERS
COMPLETE LEARNING PACK
◉ Premature Junctional Complex
Answer: Impulse is from the AV junction
• Conduction through the ventricles remains normal
• QRS typically within normal limits
• The underlying rhythm must first be identified!
• The whole beat comes early or prematurely
• The P wave for the PJC follows one of the (4) criteria for
a junctional rhythm (Inverted, Absent, Retrograde, Short PRI
◉ Premature ventricular beats
Answer: Ectopic beat arises from an irritable focus in the ventricle
• Wide and bizarre in appearance
• No P wave
• T wave usually in opposite direction
• Underlying rhythm must first be identified!
◉ Unifocal PVCs
, Answer: Originates from the same irritable focus within the
ventricle,
similar in appearance
◉ Multifocal PVCs
Answer: Originates from different irritable foci in the ventricle,
different in
appearance PVC
◉ Couplets
Answer: • A pair of PVCs that occur consecutively
• Couplets occur with increasing ventricular irritability
◉ PVC's Pattern
Answer: Every 2nd beat: bigeminal
Every 3rd beat: trigeminal
Every 4th beat: quadrimenal
◉ ventricular tachycardia
Answer: 3 or more PVC's in a row
• Rate: Ventricular is greater than 100;
Atrial rate is not discernable [N/A]
INTERPRETATION REVIEW PAPER ANSWERS
COMPLETE LEARNING PACK
◉ Premature Junctional Complex
Answer: Impulse is from the AV junction
• Conduction through the ventricles remains normal
• QRS typically within normal limits
• The underlying rhythm must first be identified!
• The whole beat comes early or prematurely
• The P wave for the PJC follows one of the (4) criteria for
a junctional rhythm (Inverted, Absent, Retrograde, Short PRI
◉ Premature ventricular beats
Answer: Ectopic beat arises from an irritable focus in the ventricle
• Wide and bizarre in appearance
• No P wave
• T wave usually in opposite direction
• Underlying rhythm must first be identified!
◉ Unifocal PVCs
, Answer: Originates from the same irritable focus within the
ventricle,
similar in appearance
◉ Multifocal PVCs
Answer: Originates from different irritable foci in the ventricle,
different in
appearance PVC
◉ Couplets
Answer: • A pair of PVCs that occur consecutively
• Couplets occur with increasing ventricular irritability
◉ PVC's Pattern
Answer: Every 2nd beat: bigeminal
Every 3rd beat: trigeminal
Every 4th beat: quadrimenal
◉ ventricular tachycardia
Answer: 3 or more PVC's in a row
• Rate: Ventricular is greater than 100;
Atrial rate is not discernable [N/A]
