UA BSC 108 EXAM 2/ 300 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALE LATEST UPDATE
ALREADY GRADED A+ ASSURED PASS
This comprehensive UA BSC 108 Exam 2 review contains 300 unique, non-
repeating multiple-choice questions organized into four core biology sections:
Photosynthesis (75 questions covering light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle,
C4/CAM pathways, and chloroplast structure), Cellular Respiration (75 questions
covering glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation, and
mitochondrial structure), Cell Reproduction (75 questions covering cell cycle,
mitosis, meiosis, chromosome structure, and cancer biology), and Genetics &
Mendelian Inheritance (75 questions covering alleles, genotypes/phenotypes,
Punnett squares, laws of segregation/independent assortment, and inheritance
patterns). Each question includes the correct answer and detailed rationale
explaining key concepts from the University of Alabama BSC 108 curriculum,
making it an ideal study resource for exam preparation .
SECTION 1: PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Questions 1-75)
Question 1
What is a photosynthetic autotroph?
A) An organism that consumes other organisms for energy
B) An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients using light
energy
C) An organism that obtains energy from chemical reactions
D) An organism that lives in the dark
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Photosynthetic autotrophs, such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, use
light energy to convert inorganic carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds
(glucose) through photosynthesis.
Question 2
What does the process of photosynthesis do?
A) Releases energy stored in glucose
B) Captures light energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy stored in
sugars
C) Breaks down organic molecules for energy
D) Produces carbon dioxide and water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Photosynthesis captures light energy from the sun and converts it to
chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules. This is the
fundamental process by which light energy is transformed into chemical energy
stored in the bonds of glucose.
Question 3
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
A) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
C) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
D) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy →
C6H12O6 + 6O2. Carbon dioxide and water are reactants, while glucose and
oxygen are products.
Question 4
In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplasts
D) Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and in the
chloroplasts of algae and cyanobacteria.
,Question 5
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoid
D) Grana
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stroma is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast, surrounding
the thylakoid membranes, where the Calvin Cycle occurs.
Question 6
What are the membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts called?
A) Stroma
B) Cristae
C) Thylakoids
D) Matrix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thylakoids are the membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts
where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. Stacks of thylakoids are called
grana.
Question 7
Where are chlorophyll molecules embedded?
A) Stroma
B) Outer membrane
C) Thylakoid membranes
D) Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts, where they capture light energy for photosynthesis.
Question 8
What is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis?
A) Chlorophyll b
B) Carotenoids
C) Chlorophyll a
, D) Xanthophyll
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis.
Question 9
What is the primary function of plant pigments?
A) To store energy
B) To absorb solar energy
C) To release oxygen
D) To produce glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of plant pigments is to absorb solar energy, which
is then used to drive the reactions of photosynthesis.
Question 10
Why are leaves green?
A) They absorb green light
B) They reflect green-yellow light and absorb violet-blue and red light
C) They produce green pigments
D) They reflect all wavelengths of light
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leaves appear green because chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue
and red light but reflect or transmit green-yellow light.
Question 11
How does water enter plants?
A) Through leaves
B) Through the stomata
C) Through the roots
D) Through the stem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water enters plants through their roots by osmosis, specifically through
root hair cells.
Question 12
How does carbon dioxide enter plants?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALE LATEST UPDATE
ALREADY GRADED A+ ASSURED PASS
This comprehensive UA BSC 108 Exam 2 review contains 300 unique, non-
repeating multiple-choice questions organized into four core biology sections:
Photosynthesis (75 questions covering light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle,
C4/CAM pathways, and chloroplast structure), Cellular Respiration (75 questions
covering glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation, and
mitochondrial structure), Cell Reproduction (75 questions covering cell cycle,
mitosis, meiosis, chromosome structure, and cancer biology), and Genetics &
Mendelian Inheritance (75 questions covering alleles, genotypes/phenotypes,
Punnett squares, laws of segregation/independent assortment, and inheritance
patterns). Each question includes the correct answer and detailed rationale
explaining key concepts from the University of Alabama BSC 108 curriculum,
making it an ideal study resource for exam preparation .
SECTION 1: PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Questions 1-75)
Question 1
What is a photosynthetic autotroph?
A) An organism that consumes other organisms for energy
B) An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients using light
energy
C) An organism that obtains energy from chemical reactions
D) An organism that lives in the dark
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Photosynthetic autotrophs, such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, use
light energy to convert inorganic carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds
(glucose) through photosynthesis.
Question 2
What does the process of photosynthesis do?
A) Releases energy stored in glucose
B) Captures light energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy stored in
sugars
C) Breaks down organic molecules for energy
D) Produces carbon dioxide and water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Photosynthesis captures light energy from the sun and converts it to
chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules. This is the
fundamental process by which light energy is transformed into chemical energy
stored in the bonds of glucose.
Question 3
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
A) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
C) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
D) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy →
C6H12O6 + 6O2. Carbon dioxide and water are reactants, while glucose and
oxygen are products.
Question 4
In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplasts
D) Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and in the
chloroplasts of algae and cyanobacteria.
,Question 5
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoid
D) Grana
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stroma is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast, surrounding
the thylakoid membranes, where the Calvin Cycle occurs.
Question 6
What are the membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts called?
A) Stroma
B) Cristae
C) Thylakoids
D) Matrix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thylakoids are the membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts
where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. Stacks of thylakoids are called
grana.
Question 7
Where are chlorophyll molecules embedded?
A) Stroma
B) Outer membrane
C) Thylakoid membranes
D) Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts, where they capture light energy for photosynthesis.
Question 8
What is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis?
A) Chlorophyll b
B) Carotenoids
C) Chlorophyll a
, D) Xanthophyll
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis.
Question 9
What is the primary function of plant pigments?
A) To store energy
B) To absorb solar energy
C) To release oxygen
D) To produce glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of plant pigments is to absorb solar energy, which
is then used to drive the reactions of photosynthesis.
Question 10
Why are leaves green?
A) They absorb green light
B) They reflect green-yellow light and absorb violet-blue and red light
C) They produce green pigments
D) They reflect all wavelengths of light
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leaves appear green because chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue
and red light but reflect or transmit green-yellow light.
Question 11
How does water enter plants?
A) Through leaves
B) Through the stomata
C) Through the roots
D) Through the stem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water enters plants through their roots by osmosis, specifically through
root hair cells.
Question 12
How does carbon dioxide enter plants?
