WGU D027 OA EXAM 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
What is the gold standard for the suspected diagnosis of Celiac Disease? -
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ANSWERS-Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
vx vx vx vx vx
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
small-
cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has a
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ny genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the pat
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimer
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
tinib (Tagrisso). Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does this
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
patient have? - ANSWERS-EGFR mutation
vx vx vx vx
A 20-year-
vx
old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms t
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
hat have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concer
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in sports b
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ut was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running and j
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
umping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change positio
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ns from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not signifi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
cant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause o
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
f these symptoms? - ANSWERS-Becker muscular dystrophy
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
--
Becker muscular dystrophy (often called Becker MD or BMD) is a form of muscular
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xdystrophy, a genetic disorder that gradually makes the body's muscles weaker and
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xsmaller. It causes less severe problems than the most common type, Duchenne m
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
uscular dystrophy. vx
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
of SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and promotes development of self-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
reactive antibodies. vx
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previo
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
us medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the eleva
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ted ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provid
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
er do next for this patient? - ANSWERS-Order a liver function test
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
,A 75-year-
vx
old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate of 13
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
0.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited information
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
? - ANSWERS-
vx vx
She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate controlled with met
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
oprolol (Lopressor). vx
Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of cont
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ractility? - ANSWERS-Acute myocardial infarction
vx vx vx vx
Which condition is this patient suffering from? - ANSWERS-Diabetic ketoacidosis
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 45-year-
vx
old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an emergency roo
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
m. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed with Cushi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ng disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Increased cortisol vx
SOB when lying down, and moving around --
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Based on the patient's presentation, which disease process is the patient likely exhi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
biting? - ANSWERS-Asthma vx vx
A two-year-
vx
old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3 days. The
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is sleeping i
x vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also reports a
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is appropri
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ate for this child's symptoms? - ANSWERS-Oral steroids and breathing treatments
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Delerium, urinary incontinence, fever-- vx vx vx
Which lab and diagnostic tests should be ordered as part of the patient's assessm
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ent? - ANSWERS-Complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, and urinalysis
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
An 18-year-vx
old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He is broug
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ht into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The provider te
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
lls the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. Wh
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
at is this patient's condition called? - ANSWERS-Epidural hematoma
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
-- What is the appropriate diagnosis for this patient? - ANSWERS-Crohn's disease
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Which diagnostic test is appropriate to order for this patient? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Ultrasound
A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
up and lab work. His history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
currently takes Norvasc 5 mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family h
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
istory of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining l
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ab work, the provider notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
already on a DASH diet and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
, eats daily. The patient is not overweight and participates in moderate physical activi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ty at least 4-
vx vx vx
5 days a week. He was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n A1c is now 6.9. The nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xis proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment gui
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
delines from the American College of Cardiology, which medication should be reco
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
mmended for this patien - ANSWERS-Invokana 100 mg daily
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
--Invokana is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a third-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
line medication to metformin. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not rec
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth. vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 78-year-
vx
old female presents to the clinic for a checkup and refills on her medications. She i
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s currently taking lisinopril (Zestril), metformin (Glucophage), and levothyroxine (Sy
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
nthroid). The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism,
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
GERD, and gastric ulcers. The patient is concerned about heart disease and want
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s to start taking a low-
vx vx vx vx vx
dose aspirin. Which aspirin regimen recommendation should the advanced professi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
onal nurse (APN) give to the patient? - ANSWERS-Low-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily
vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 28-year-
vx
old married female presents to primary care accompanied by her husband with co
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
mplaints of weight gain, fatigue, muscle aches, bloating, constipation, and difficulty
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
concentrating. The patient explains that she has been experiencing these symptom
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s with increasing frequency over the last two months and reports feeling upset that
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
she has gained 10 pounds over the past month despite no significant changes in di
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
etary intake or activity level. The patient holds a bachelor's degree and is employed
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
full time as an accountant. The patient reports feeling frustrated with her poor conc
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
entration and identifies recent work errors to be due to this symptom. The patient e
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
xplains that she and her spouse plan to start trying to conceive soon, and she is w
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
orried that she may have trouble becoming pregnant. The patient reports using ove
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
r-the-
counter laxative products over the last week to combat constipation. The patient re
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
po - ANSWERS-5.31 mIU/L
vx vx vx
A 74- year-
vx vx
old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department (ED) with
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What is thi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s patient's symptoms related to? - ANSWERS-Elevated Von Willebrand factor
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
adrenergic agonists for several years began to experience premature atrial contract
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ions (PACs). To treat the PACs, metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started.What i
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s a likely consequence of this patient taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened asthma symptoms, but improved the PACs.
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
--
Beta blockers are widely used in the management of cardiac conditions and thyrot
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
oxicosis, and to reduce perioperative complications. Asthma and chronic obstructiv
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
What is the gold standard for the suspected diagnosis of Celiac Disease? -
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ANSWERS-Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
vx vx vx vx vx
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
small-
cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has a
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ny genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the pat
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimer
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
tinib (Tagrisso). Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does this
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
patient have? - ANSWERS-EGFR mutation
vx vx vx vx
A 20-year-
vx
old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms t
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
hat have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concer
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in sports b
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ut was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running and j
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
umping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change positio
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ns from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not signifi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
cant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause o
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
f these symptoms? - ANSWERS-Becker muscular dystrophy
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
--
Becker muscular dystrophy (often called Becker MD or BMD) is a form of muscular
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xdystrophy, a genetic disorder that gradually makes the body's muscles weaker and
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xsmaller. It causes less severe problems than the most common type, Duchenne m
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
uscular dystrophy. vx
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
of SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and promotes development of self-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
reactive antibodies. vx
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previo
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
us medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the eleva
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ted ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provid
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
er do next for this patient? - ANSWERS-Order a liver function test
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
,A 75-year-
vx
old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate of 13
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
0.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited information
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
? - ANSWERS-
vx vx
She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate controlled with met
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
oprolol (Lopressor). vx
Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of cont
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ractility? - ANSWERS-Acute myocardial infarction
vx vx vx vx
Which condition is this patient suffering from? - ANSWERS-Diabetic ketoacidosis
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 45-year-
vx
old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an emergency roo
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
m. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed with Cushi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ng disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Increased cortisol vx
SOB when lying down, and moving around --
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Based on the patient's presentation, which disease process is the patient likely exhi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
biting? - ANSWERS-Asthma vx vx
A two-year-
vx
old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3 days. The
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is sleeping i
x vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also reports a
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is appropri
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ate for this child's symptoms? - ANSWERS-Oral steroids and breathing treatments
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Delerium, urinary incontinence, fever-- vx vx vx
Which lab and diagnostic tests should be ordered as part of the patient's assessm
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ent? - ANSWERS-Complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, and urinalysis
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
An 18-year-vx
old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He is broug
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ht into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The provider te
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
lls the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. Wh
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
at is this patient's condition called? - ANSWERS-Epidural hematoma
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
-- What is the appropriate diagnosis for this patient? - ANSWERS-Crohn's disease
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Which diagnostic test is appropriate to order for this patient? - ANSWERS-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
Ultrasound
A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
up and lab work. His history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
currently takes Norvasc 5 mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family h
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
istory of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining l
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ab work, the provider notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
already on a DASH diet and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
, eats daily. The patient is not overweight and participates in moderate physical activi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ty at least 4-
vx vx vx
5 days a week. He was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
n A1c is now 6.9. The nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx v
xis proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment gui
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
delines from the American College of Cardiology, which medication should be reco
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
mmended for this patien - ANSWERS-Invokana 100 mg daily
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
--Invokana is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a third-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
line medication to metformin. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not rec
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
ommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth. vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 78-year-
vx
old female presents to the clinic for a checkup and refills on her medications. She i
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s currently taking lisinopril (Zestril), metformin (Glucophage), and levothyroxine (Sy
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
nthroid). The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism,
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
GERD, and gastric ulcers. The patient is concerned about heart disease and want
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s to start taking a low-
vx vx vx vx vx
dose aspirin. Which aspirin regimen recommendation should the advanced professi
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
onal nurse (APN) give to the patient? - ANSWERS-Low-
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily
vx vx vx vx vx vx
A 28-year-
vx
old married female presents to primary care accompanied by her husband with co
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
mplaints of weight gain, fatigue, muscle aches, bloating, constipation, and difficulty
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
concentrating. The patient explains that she has been experiencing these symptom
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
s with increasing frequency over the last two months and reports feeling upset that
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
she has gained 10 pounds over the past month despite no significant changes in di
vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx vx
etary intake or activity level. The patient holds a bachelor's degree and is employed
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full time as an accountant. The patient reports feeling frustrated with her poor conc
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entration and identifies recent work errors to be due to this symptom. The patient e
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xplains that she and her spouse plan to start trying to conceive soon, and she is w
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orried that she may have trouble becoming pregnant. The patient reports using ove
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r-the-
counter laxative products over the last week to combat constipation. The patient re
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po - ANSWERS-5.31 mIU/L
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A 74- year-
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old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department (ED) with
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pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What is thi
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s patient's symptoms related to? - ANSWERS-Elevated Von Willebrand factor
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A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-
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adrenergic agonists for several years began to experience premature atrial contract
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ions (PACs). To treat the PACs, metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started.What i
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s a likely consequence of this patient taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? - ANSWERS-
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Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened asthma symptoms, but improved the PACs.
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--
Beta blockers are widely used in the management of cardiac conditions and thyrot
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oxicosis, and to reduce perioperative complications. Asthma and chronic obstructiv
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