HSCI 190 MODULE 2 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● What are descriptive statistics? What are some examples of
descriptive statistics?
Answer: Summarizing and describing data so that patterns become
apparent
visualizations, measures of central tendency, variability
●● What are inferential statistics? What are some examples of
inferential statistics?
Answer: analyzing data to make general conclusions about the way the
world works
SEM, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs,
correlations, regressions, non-parametric tests
●● What is machine learning?
Answer: a technique derived from statistics that tries to learn patterns
from raw data in order to make predictions
,●● What are the three components that make up evidence-based
medicine?
Answer: clinical expertise (what has been learned in the profession?),
best research evidence (what does literature say?), and patient values
(what does the patient want?)
●● What is evidence-based medicine?
Answer: The practice of using research-based evidence, clinical
expertise, and info about the patient's values and preferences to make
clinical decisions on patient care
●● Describe the study conducted by Wakefield et al. in 1998. What was
it about? What was the outcome? What effect did it have on people?
Answer: The study concluded that there was an association between the
MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorder (even though there were
many things wrong with the research methods)
the paper became popular and it influenced people's decision to
vaccinate their children
in 2010, it got removed from the journal it was published in because
many researchers disproved the conclusions
still, today, people think that vaccines can lead to autism spectrum
disorder because of this paper
, ●● How did statisticians prove Dr. Shipman was guilty?
Answer: They compared Dr. Shipman's patients' time of death to other
physicians' patients' time of death - showed that most of Dr. Shipman's
patients died at the same time (afternoon)
●● What is the PPDAC cycle?
Answer: the problem, plan, data, analysis, conclusions cycle
we use it to discuss statistical concepts
●● What is categorical data?
Answer: Numbers are used to represent categories of info
qualitative in nature
●● What is nominal data? Provide an example
Answer: Info is grouped into unordered categories
only the label has value - the number assigned to each category is
pointless
i.e. eye colour
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● What are descriptive statistics? What are some examples of
descriptive statistics?
Answer: Summarizing and describing data so that patterns become
apparent
visualizations, measures of central tendency, variability
●● What are inferential statistics? What are some examples of
inferential statistics?
Answer: analyzing data to make general conclusions about the way the
world works
SEM, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs,
correlations, regressions, non-parametric tests
●● What is machine learning?
Answer: a technique derived from statistics that tries to learn patterns
from raw data in order to make predictions
,●● What are the three components that make up evidence-based
medicine?
Answer: clinical expertise (what has been learned in the profession?),
best research evidence (what does literature say?), and patient values
(what does the patient want?)
●● What is evidence-based medicine?
Answer: The practice of using research-based evidence, clinical
expertise, and info about the patient's values and preferences to make
clinical decisions on patient care
●● Describe the study conducted by Wakefield et al. in 1998. What was
it about? What was the outcome? What effect did it have on people?
Answer: The study concluded that there was an association between the
MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorder (even though there were
many things wrong with the research methods)
the paper became popular and it influenced people's decision to
vaccinate their children
in 2010, it got removed from the journal it was published in because
many researchers disproved the conclusions
still, today, people think that vaccines can lead to autism spectrum
disorder because of this paper
, ●● How did statisticians prove Dr. Shipman was guilty?
Answer: They compared Dr. Shipman's patients' time of death to other
physicians' patients' time of death - showed that most of Dr. Shipman's
patients died at the same time (afternoon)
●● What is the PPDAC cycle?
Answer: the problem, plan, data, analysis, conclusions cycle
we use it to discuss statistical concepts
●● What is categorical data?
Answer: Numbers are used to represent categories of info
qualitative in nature
●● What is nominal data? Provide an example
Answer: Info is grouped into unordered categories
only the label has value - the number assigned to each category is
pointless
i.e. eye colour
